Changing spaces;making places

Definition of a place

A particular location defined by the flows of people,ideas, wealth and goods that hold a particular meaning to different people

Definition of a space

A physical area

Definition of globalisation

The increasing integration of economic, political cultural and information systems across the globe, leading to an interconnected world

Definition of anti - globalisation

A social movement comprise of those who are against globalisation and widespread commercial capitalism

Definition of Homogenised Landscapes

The idea that globalisation is leading to communities becoming increasingly similar, often adopting a Western Culture. These places are seen to lack distinct character, and this has been compounded by the spread of chain stores such as Subway or Starbucks which has resulted in “clone towns”.

Definition of time - space compression

The idea that technological and communication advancements are able to reduce the distance between two places

Definition of a global village

Most of our world know each other due to the interconnectivity of our world today eg. Facetime, phone calls. We are becoming “smaller”

Definition of global shift

Movement of industries from one part of the world to the other eg. most of our clothes are imported from indonesia

Definition of Heterogeneous places

One could argue that globalisation creates places with greater diversity such as Brick Lane and Spitalfields in London, where there is huge diversity created from migration, leading to impacts on food,fashion etc.

Definition of formal data

Closely linked with statistics which describe data associated with particular places eg. census, crime figures,road network, rainfall totals

Definition of informal data

The way a place is depicted through media such as TV, film and literature.

What is a “mental map”?

Your own parameters of where you feel safe at a certain time of day. Locations during the day may be avoided at night for women, as they may feel unsafe. This is called a geography of fear

An example of when the safety of LGBTQIA+ people was breached, which changes some people’s perception of place

9th April 2025 - picnic for transgender people disrupted in Manchester by youths burning down flags and threatening people with knives

What does gender influence the perception of place due to spatial factors?

Specifically Women - ensure that lighting and visibility is safe, alongside pedestrian infrastructure. Not confined or dark

Examples of Areas that have been designated for LGBTQIA+ people

Gay Village, Manchester

Examples of an area/city that LGBTQIA+ people resonate with

Brighton - encourages migration to this place. They hold pride there and attract more than 500,000 people annually

An example of where certain religious people feel spirituality in a place

Lourdes in France - attracts 6 pilgrims a year. Due to someone seeing visions of Virgin Mary, so now people bathe themselves in water in order to connect, this is seen as soul reviving.

How does religion create a community, and therefore alter someone’s perception of a place?

St Albans - host a multitude of events such as the parade for the Martyr, St Alban, annually. All people in St Albans come together and have a united goal to celebrate a religious person, which can connect the community, and make people have a public perception of the place

Two ways in which religion can influence people’s perception of place

1. Creates a Community

2. Some may find the area spiritual due to its religious artifacts of History

Two ways in which gender influences people’s perception of place

1. The level of safety in an area

2. Stereotypical places

Two ways in which age influences people’s perception of place

1. Life cycle

2. Role in society

Two ways in which sexuality influences people’s perception of a place

1. Community eg. Brighton + Manchester

2. Safety

What is the difference between space and place?

Space is a physical, abstract area that is most likely measurable. Whereas, a place holds meaning with cultural,social,political,economic significance and someone’s perception of a place is quite subjective

Definition of emotional attatchment

Emotional bond between person and place, and is a main concept of environmental psychology

Definition of time - space compression

The shrinking of the world due to advancements in technology, especially with communication eg. iphones and transport eg. planes which creates a shrinking world.

An example of how time - space compression has occurred? (plane flights)

To fly to London from Rio de Janeiro in 1914 (10-20 days) compared to now (12 hours)1

Who are the Kurds?

The Kurds - ethnic group that are spread across a number of Middle Eastern countries and live in the “heartland” (Iran,Iraq,Syria and Turkey). 28-30 million people who want their own independent state due to suffering persecution and conflict with Turkey and Hussain.

Why do the Kurds have emotional attatchment?

Many have migrated to other countries but they still have an emotional attatchment.They have their own language, which creates a sense of identity for them. Furthermore, the formation of the PERSMERGA in the 1920s, who are Kurdish security fighters with over 140,000 Kurds have a united purpose and attitudes in which they have an active community, therefore an emotional attachment to their culture. They have a shared feeling against the oppressive states

How many Kurds are there?

28 - 30 million

How many Kurds are in the PERSMERGA?

140,000

What are the positives of time - space compression?

There is more availability of goods, as they can be imported from other countries. For example, Strawberries can be imported, which means we can buy strawberries all year round. This is the same with clothes. Due to the increase in interconnectivity of our worlds, or a “global village” as some say, there are more international collaborations.

What are the negatives of time - space compression?

Some older generations and people that aren’t in a great economic position may not be able to take advantage of time - space compression, which restricts their ability to connect and they may feel dislocated from the “global village”. Furthermore, this makes places homogenous, specifically focused on western culture, which makes people feel not at home

Example of when time - space compression impacted a place?

Duisburg in Germany were once characterised by its industry during Fordism (mass production). Now, they have been stripped of their identity post - Fordism (moved away from mass production in huge factories, as pioneered by Henry Ford, towards specialized markets based on small flexible manufacturing units). This was due to technological advancements and global information sharing, plus moving to regions with lower labour costs

Informal representations record … ive data

Qualitative

Formal representations record ..ive data

Quantative

Why are television soaps a useful informal representation?

They represent places through the lives of people, something that formal data cannot depict. We see how a place is seen from the residents and the different lives they are living in that area. eg. East Enders and Coronation Street

Negatives of informal representation

There is a certain element of subjectivity and bias, as one could only focus on one area of the place and present it in a way that they want, instead of capturing the full picture

How is the access to internet different in different areas?

The digital divide exists in terms of possessing the means to be online. There is a significant divide in rural compared to rural areas in terms of broadband speed. Additionally, urban areas tend to have better infrastructure and availability of high-speed internet compared to more remote locations, leading to disparities in access and quality. In some countries, authorities can restrict this access, such as China.

An example of the housing market crisis in the UK?

We need 300,000 - 345,000 new homes annually to keep up with demand

Amount of doctors per thousand: Norway compared to Kenya

Norway has 2.9 whereas Kenya has 0.2

What 3 factors is access to education influenced by?

The number of services, how easy it is to get to the service, social and economic factors such as age,gender,income