History test

Industrial Revoloution

combination of political; geographic, economic factors. Britain had a ready market for manufactured goods. Capitalist economic system blossomed.

capital

money available for investment

entrepreneurs

a person who finds new business opportunities and new ways to make profits

cottage industry

a method of production which tasks are done by individuals in their rural homes.

James Hargreves

invented the spinning jenny which made spinning process faster

Edmund Cartwright

invented the power-loom, caught up with the thread making more efficient to bring workers to machines

James Watt

invented the steam engine and was originally used to help in mines with water but was later used to fuel machines

industrial capitalism

economic system based on production or manufacturing of goods in factories

socialism

concept of intellectuals, centered around utopia or ideal societies.

Marx and Engles

communist manifesto, split up bourgeoise and proletariat working and middle class

communist manifesto

blamed bad conditions of factories on economic system of industrial capitalism which believed had to be replaced

bourgeoise

ruling class (higher up people)

proletariot

working class

social democrats

argued that workers should work within the capitalist system to gain necessary economic and social reforms that were beneficial

trade unions

band of workers demanding better working conditions and pay

strike

a union calls members to stop work in order to pressure employers to meet higher demands.

mines act

prohibited all women and girls of any age and boys younger than 10 from working underground in mines, safety was improved, changed from 10 to 12 for boys age up

factory act of 1833

set a minimum age of 9 for workers and limited hours to older children, women made up 50% of labour but made half the amount of men.

urbanization

large numbers of people migrated from farms where there were few jobs, to cities to work in factories, more abundant for unskilled workers.

epidemic dieases

a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease at a particular time (bad hygiene quality)

How did the industrial revolution affect cities?

it made the population grow faster than the housing supply.

NOT a major issue during the industrial revolution

opportunities for jobs

did not increase as an early/immediate result of the industrial revolution

the life expectancy of a worker

Not a reform in the 1800s

the setting of a minimum wage for workers

contributed to shorter life span of workers

illness caused by bad living conditions.

3 specific problems workers faced

long hours with bad pay, unsafe equipment, children working in factories.

One way agricultural revolution led to industrial revolution

The inventions created for farms gave people less job opportunities so they moved to cities to work in factories for an abundance of job

2 ways railroads changed england’s economy

transport goods faster increasing the money flow and provided transportation for people to get to and from work.

difference between working in factories and working in homes

factories had a harsh strict boss and home workers had a much more leisurely life, home and work separated in factories.

best place to find new machines need for textile production

factories because inventions could no longer fit in homes.

term for production in home

cottage industry

person who organizes and takes on the risk of owning their own business

entrepreunuer

invention that sped up production of cloth (weaving) by using water as power source

power loom

sped up spinning

spinning jenny

developer of the first efficient steam engine

james watt

money available for investment

capital

why was England first to industrialize

good natural resources helpful for the revolution, population was rapidly growing so high demand for jobs, needed faster inventions.

communist manifest calls for the ____ to overthrow the ____ in order to create classless society

proletariat, bourgeoisie

trade unions helped workers with …

wages, hours, working condtions

nineteenth century socialists argued that government should…

actively plan the economy

when the trade movement began in Britain the strike was an illegal action taken by ___ against ___

union workers, factory owners

strikes or voluntary labour organizations negotiated for workplace reforms

trade unions

industrial capitalism refers to the economic system in which the factors of production are privately owned

true

who wrote the communist manifesto

Marx and Engles

one similarity and difference between socialists and communists

similarity, both wanted less of a divide of classes and proving opportunities that are fair to all, difference socialist want freedom to do things communists want equal fairness among all to have classless society.

agriculture → industrial revolution

less job opportunities and easier for unskilled workers demand for faster inventions

difference between Marxism and revolutionts

marxism was extreme and violent whilst revolutions wanted to stick to it and form trade unions and strikes to change conditions.

socialists

primarily focused on the idea that the means of production (factories, land, etc.) should be owned collectively by the people, rather than by private individuals