Biomed - Unit 3

Medical history

A record of a person’s health

Chief complaint

The patient’s primary problem that led the patient to seek medical attention

Physical signs

Something found during a physical exam that shows a person may have a condition or disease - observable signs

Symptoms

Feelings or sensations a person has that lead them to believe they have a certain condition, confirmed by physician

Diagnosis

Identification of an illness or condition through analysis of signs and symptoms

Stethoscope

Listens to lungs and heart

Scale

Measures weight

Sphynomonometer

Measures blood pressure

Tape measure

Measures height

Pulse oximeter

Measures blood oxygen saturation

Thermometer

Measures temperature

Fingers

Can be used to take pulse (bpm)

Calculator

Used to find BMI

Timer

Can be used to measure heart rate and respiratory rate

Complete blood count

Test done that checks for healthy amounts of WBC, RBC, HgB, HCT, and platelets

Hemoglobin

The protein in red blood cells that holds oxygen

Hematocrit

Proportion of RBCs to plasma

Normal range of platelets

150,000-450,000 per microliter

Meaning of low level of white blood cells

Viral infection is preventing bone marrow from making new ones

Meaning of high level of white blood cells

Reaction to medicine, infection, or inflammation

Meaning of low level of red blood cells

Vitamin B6, B12 deficiency, amenia, low iron levels, organ issues

Meaning of high level of red blood cells

Limited oxygen supply due to heart or other condition that triggers need for extra

Meaning of low hemoglobin level

Shortage of iron or blood loss, blood disorder

Meaning of high hemoglobin level

Occurs when your body needs more oxygen, for example smoking or living at a high altitude

Meaning of low hematocrit

Large number of wbcs, insufficient supply of red blood cells

Meaning of high hematocrit

Dehydration, heart condition causing too many blood cells

Meaning of low platelets

Medication side effects, pregnancy, some types of anemia

Meaning of high platelets

Lung, ovarian, gastrointestinal or breast cancer

White blood cells/leukocytes

Cells that fight infections

Red blood cells/erythrocytes

Cells that carry oxygen around body

Negative feedback system

Goal is to maintain homeostasis

Positive feedback system

Goal is to exemplify the affects of a small disturbance

1st step of stop the bleed training

A - Alert

Assess the situation and call 911 if you need to

2nd step of stop the bleeding training

B - Bleeding

Find source of bleeding

3rd step of stop the bleeding training

C - Compress

Apply pressure, and a tourniquet if needed (not on midsection)

Pulmonary loop/pump

Goal is to get blood to lungs

Systemic loop/pump

Goal is to get oxygenated blood out to body

Where blood enters the heart

Vena cava

Vena cava to ______

Right atrium

Blood exits right atrium through _____

Tricuspid valve

Triscupid value goes to _____

Right ventricle

Blood exits right ventricle through ____

Pulmonary valve

Pulmonary valve goes to _____

Pulmonary artery

Pulmonary artery goes to _____

Lungs

Lungs to go ______

Pulmonary veins

Pulmonary veins to go _____

Left atrium

Blood exits the left atrium through the ______

Mitral/bicuspid valve

Mitral/bicuspid valve goes to______

Left ventricle

Blood exits the left ventricle through the ______

Aortic valve

The aortic valve goes to _____

Aorta

Blood ______ through the aorta

Exits the heart

Atherosclerosis

Fat, cholesterol and other substances build up plaque in or around the artery walll

Risk factors of atherosclerosis

Unhealthy diet, smoking, diabetes

Danger of atherosclerosis

Blocks blood flow; often has no symptoms until it’s severe enough to block blood flow