Chloroplasts and Mitochondria

These flashcards cover key terms related to the structure and function of chloroplasts and mitochondria, essential for understanding cellular energy processes.

Chloroplasts

Double membrane organelles that contain thylakoids and are involved in photosynthesis.

Thylakoids

Disc-shaped sacs within chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll and other pigments.

Granum

Stacks of thylakoids in chloroplasts.

Lamellae

Structures that connect grana to each other in chloroplasts.

Stroma

The gel-like material that surrounds thylakoids and grana in chloroplasts.

Aerobic cellular respiration

The process that occurs in mitochondria that breaks down glucose to release energy (REQUIRES OXYGEN)

Mitochondria

Organelles known as the powerhouses of the cell due to their role in energy production.

Cristae

Folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane that increase surface area for energy production.

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate, the energy molecule used by cells.

What makes up ATP?

1. Nitrogen containing bae (adenine)

2. 3 phosphate groups

3. 5 carbon sugar

ATP contains two high energy bonds

Accessory pigments

Pigments that assist in trapping sunlight in chloroplasts, include red, orange, and yellow.

What energy is released when the chemical bonds of glucose are broken?

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Energy storage in glucose

Energy originally captured from the sun during photosynthesis.

Chemical bonds

The bonds that store energy in glucose and are broken during cellular respiration.

Matrix

The space inside the folds or cristae of mitochondria containing enzymes for the Kreb's Cycle.

High-energy bonds

Bonds between the last two phosphate groups in ATP that release energy when broken.

Nucleus

An organelle that contains DNA and has a double membrane, similar to mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Why do some cells have more mitochondria than others?

Because the more active a cell is, the more mitochondria it will have.

Glucose

-The simple sugar being broken down in the mitochondria

-It’s energy originally comes from the sun

-Energy is stored in chemical bonds

3 organelles that contain DNA and have a double membrane.

1. Mitochondria

2. Nucleus

3. Chloroplast

True or false. The outer membrane of the mitochondria is smooth.

True!