Module 1.2 (Part 1)

150mg/100mL

What blood glucose level is reached before glycosuria occurs?

Vascular narrowing

What is a long term effect of DM, leading to kidney, heart, and retinal dysfunction?

HPL, cortisol, estrogen, progesterone, and catecholamines

What hormones cause insulin resistance during pregnancy?

24 weeks

Approximately how many weeks are patients with DM advised to increase their insulin dosage?

Caudal regression syndrome, spontaneous miscarriage, and stillbirth

What conditions develop if glucose is poorly controlled during the first trimester?

Impaired glucose homeostasis

It refers to the state between normal glucose and diabetes.

Impaired fasting glucose

It refers to a fasting plasma glucose level of at least 110 but under 126mg/dL.

Impaired glucose tolerance

It refers to glucose levels of at least 140 but under 200mg/dL.

24-28 weeks

When do pregnant patients receive a 50-g glucose challenge test?

Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)

It refers to the amount of glucose attached to hemoglobin and is used to detect the degree of hyperglycemia.

6%

What is the upper normal level for HbA1c?

1800-2400 calories

What is the recommended caloric intake for patients with DM?

Excessive glucose fluctuations

What is the consequence of joining an exercise program during pregnancy?

12 hours

Approximately how many hours after exercise do glucose levels decrease?

6-8 hours

How long does short-acting insulin last?

2/3 before breakfast, 1/3 before dinner

How much insulin would you administer before breakfast and dinner? (Answer in fraction.)

4 times a day

How many times per day should blood glucose be monitored?

Insulin Pump Therapy

What do you call the injection of insulin at a continuous rate of 1 unit per hour via SQ route on the abdomen?

11-14 weeks

At what week should a pregnant woman be tested for birth anomalies via UTZ and blood tests?

15-17 weeks

At what week should a pregnant woman be tested for serum alphafetoprotein levels (neural tube defects)?

18-20 weeks

At what week should a pregnant woman be tested for gross abnormalities via UTZ?

Every trimester

When do pregnant women get tested for creatinine clearance?

36-40 weeks

When is the most hazardous time for birth in patients with DM?

True

True or False: Patients with DM are allowed to breastfeed.

24 hours

Patients with GDM display normal blood glucose values how many hours after birth?

Cocaine

It refers to a short-acting stimulant that causes sudden vasoconstriction.

Tremulousness, muscle rigidity, and irritability

What are the symptoms of neonatal abstinence syndrome?

1 week

Cocaine can be detected via urinalysis up to how many weeks after use?

Amphetamine

It refers to a long-acting stimulant that causes blackened and infected teeth along with retroplacental hemorrhage in mothers and jitteriness, poor feeding at birth, and restricted growth in infants.

Cannabis and Hashish

What substances were used to counteract nausea but causes decreased milk production, sense of well-being, tachycardia, loss of short term memory, and increased incidence of respiratory infections in mothers?

Phencyclidine

What substance was used as an IV anesthetics in the 1950s but causes side effects such as euphoria and long term hallucinations (i.e. flashback episodes)?

Narcotic agonists

This type of substance is used as pain relief and causes immediate and short-lived euphoria, followed by sedation, and can often be obtained by prescription.

ID, IV, inhalation

What are the possible routes for narcotic agonist intake?

6 hours

Withdrawal symptoms for narcotic agonists usually start how many hours after the last dose?

Narcotic agonists

What substance causes fetal liver and lung tissue to mature rapidly?

Narcan (Naloxone)

What drug is used to reverse the effects of opioid agents in emergency situations?

Vitamins B9 and B1

Alcohol interferes with the absorption of what two vitamins?