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Fossils
Preserved remains or traces of organisms from the past.
Mineralised fossils
Formed when organic matter in remains is gradually replaced by minerals.
Trace fossils
Preserved evidence of an animal’s activity or behaviour
Permineralisation
Occurs when mineral rich ground water fills the cellular spaces of plants or animals.
Nature casts
Forms when flowing water removes the original bone or tissue.
Amber preservation
Occurs when organisms get trapped in resin.
Preserved remains
occurs when an organism is preserved mostly intact
Fossil record
The totality of discovered and undiscovered fossils.
Relative dating
Places rocks and structures in chronological order.
Absolute or numerical dating
Determines the actual age of a fossil or rock in years, typically using radiometric dating techniques.
Natural changes
Geological and environmental shifts, such as continental drift and climate change, that alter habitats and influence the evolution of species.
Endemism
Describes plants and animals that are native to a specific region.
Environmental variation
Changes to the environment over short, medium and long term time scales can produce a range of outcomes for species and ecosystems