Biomedical Terminology: Unit 3: Chapter 11

Cardiovascular System

Delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells of body tissue

Arteries

Moves blood Away from the heart; largest type of blood vessel

Veins

Move blood toward (IN) the heart from the tissues

Capillaries

Smallest vessels; they form the point of exchange for oxygen and nutrients into body cells and waste products from body cells

Lower tip

The apex of the heart is the ____ ____ of the heart

Aorta

Largest artery in the body

Bundle of His

Muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them

Diastole

The relaxed phase of the heartbeat where ventricles in the heart fill (dying to relax)

Systole

The contraction phase of the heartbeat where the heart pumps

Lubb

Closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves at the beginning of systole

dubb

Closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves at the end of the systole

murmur

An abnormal heart sound caused by improper valve closure

AV Node

Electrical impulses pass from the pacemaker through this ______ and bundle of His toward the ventricles

SA Node

Also called the “Pacemaker” of the heart; causes the walls of atria to contract and force blood into the ventricles (ending diastole)

ECG or EKG

The record used to detect electrical changes in heart muscle as heart beats

Coronary arteries

blood vessels that branch from aorta and carry oxygen rich blood to the heart muscle

Endocardium

Inner lining of the heart

endothelium

innermost lining of blood vessels

Blood pressure

The force that blood exerts on arterial walls and measured using a sphygmomanometer

Systolic/Diastolic

How is blood pressure measured? (fraction)

Mitral Valve

Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

Myocardium

Muscular middle layer of the heart

Pericardium

Specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heart rate

Pulmonary Valve

valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artety

Sphygmomanometer

An instrument to measure blood pressure

Systemic Circulation

Flow of blood from the body tissue to the heart and back

Tricuspid Valve

Located between the right atrium and right ventricle; has three leaflets or cusps

Vena Cava

Largest vein in the body; superior and inferior ______ return blood to the right atrium of the heart

Angi/o

Vessel (root)

Aort/o

Aorta (root)

Ather/o

Yellowish Plaque (root)

Atri/o

Atrium

Barchi/o

Arm (root)

Coron/o

Heart

Myx/

Mucus (root)

Ox/o

Oxygen (root)

Phleb/o, ven/o

Vein (root) (2)

Sphygm/o

Pulse (root)

Steth/o

Chest (root)

Thromb/o

Clot (root)

Vas/o. Vascul/o

Vessel (2) (root)

rrhythm/o

Rhythm (root)

-graphy

Process of recording (suffix)

-megaly

Enlargement (suffix)

-meter

Measure (suffix)

-oma

Tumor (suffix)

-osis

Condition, usually abnormal (suffix)

-Sclerosis

Hardening (suffix)

-stenosis

Tightening (suffix)

brady-

slow (prefix)

de-

Lack of (prefix)

tachy-

fast (prefix)

Arrhythmias

Heart block; improper beating of the heart; fibrillation

Congenital Heart Disease

Abnormality in the heart that develops before birth

Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA)

Congenital heart defect where the aorta is narrowed which leads to reduced blood flow

Patent ductus arteriosus

A heart condition where there is an opening between two blood vessels leading from the heart

Septal Defects (ASD and VSD)

Involves a hole in the wall separating the heart’s chambers, which leads to abnormal blood blow; ASD is between the atriums, while VSD is between the ventricles)

Tetralogy of Fallot

Rare condition caused by a combination of four heart defects.

Congestive heart disease

Heart is unable to pump the required amount of blood; result of high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, and results in pulmonary edema.

Coronary Artery Disease

Damage or disease in the heart’s major blood vessels

Atherosclerosis

Coronary artery disease in which there is a build up of fats, cholesterol, and other substances on the artery walls; causes ischemia, necrosis, infarctions, and thrombotic occlusion.

Acute Coronary Syndromes

Condition caused by sudden reduction of blood blow to the heart (unstable angina, MI (heart attack))

Coronary Artery bypass grafting, Percutaneous coronary intervention

Surgical therapies for CAD (2) (CABG) and (PCI)

Aneurysm

Ballooning and weakened area in an artery

Deep vein thrombosis

DVT: blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the legs

Hypertension

HTN: Force of the blood against artery walls is too high

Arrhythmia

Irregular Heart rhythm

Fibrillation

Refers to rapid, irregular, and uncoordinated contractions of muscle fibers.