use of car

Q: What does antifreeze (coolant) do?

A: Prevents the engine from overheating or freezing by regulating temperature.

Q: What is the purpose of hydraulic brakes?

A: Hydraulic brakes use brake fluid pressure to transfer the driver’s force from the brake pedal to the brake mechanisms at the wheels, making the vehicle slow down or stop.

Q: What does ABS do?

A: Prevents wheels from locking when braking hard, keeping steering control.

Q: What does the camshaft do?

A: Controls the opening and closing of valves in the engine.

Q: What does the clutch do?

The clutch is what connects and disconnects the engine from the wheels so you can change gear.

What effect does keeping your foot on the clutch pedal have on driving?

It strains the clutch return spring, increasing the likelihood of clutch fluid leakage

When starting to drive a front-wheel-drive car, especially in turns, a loud and dry clicking noise is heard. What is the reason for this?

A: A worn constant velocity (CV) joint in the driveshaft. The clicking occurs because the joint can’t smoothly transfer power when turning.

What type of fuel ignites from compression?

A: Diesel fuel. It catches fire from the heat of compressed air in the engine, without needing a spark.

For what reason can a car move sideways when braking?

The wheels on one side are blocked

Antifreeze is poured into:

The expansion tank of the cooling system

To transport passengers in the cargo area of a truck:

Prohibited, except for passengers transported for national defense needs, with the cargo area adapted for passengers

Which of the things cannot be installed in cars?

Devices that interfere with speed measurement

The temperature in the cooling system may rise above the expected value when:

The fluid level in the system drops

What is the purpose of fuses in the power supply circuit?

A: The fuse protects the circuit by breaking (blowing) if too much current flows. This stops electricity before it can damage components or cause overheating and fire.

Use of self-made electric current fuses in the car is:

Using self-made fuses is dangerous because if they are not properly made, they might not melt at the right time. This can cause overheating, fire inside the vehicle, and even accidents. It’s safer to always use professionally manufactured fuses.

In order to save fuel and reduce pollution, you must periodically check:

Engine air filter, tyre air pressure, fuel injection system/carburetor

What is the purpose of a car's gearbox?

Changes torque(twisting or rotating) to wheels and enables reverse movement, so basically allows the wheels to move because without this the car would not be able to move

Driving when suspension shock absorbers are not working is dangerous because:

The car may lose grip and become uncontrollable due to oscillations(back and forth rythm)

A leaky exhaust pipe should be fixed immediately because:

Dangerous gases can enter the car interior

What does the battery do in a car?

Stores energy and provides power to start engine & electronics. Without the battery the car cannot start think of it like a toy car if you take out the battery the toy car wont work the same goes for a real life car

What does the alternator do?

Recharges the battery and powers electronics while engine runs

What is the purpose of the starter motor?

Turns the crankshaft to start engine combustion

What does the clutch do?

Disconnects engine from gearbox so gears can be changed

What is the torque converter?

Automatic transmission device replacing clutch

What is the purpose of the gearbox?

Changes torque delivered to wheels and allows reverse

What is ABS?

Prevents wheel lock during braking to maintain steering control

What do hydraulic brakes do?

Use fluid to transfer force from pedal to wheels

What happens with underinflated(not full with air) tyres?

More fuel use, poor grip, longer stopping distance

What do shock absorbers do?

Reduce vibrations and keep tyres on road

What is the exhaust system function?

Removes gases, reduces noise, improves efficiency

Why is antifreeze important?

Prevents overheating and freezing of engine

What is the fuel injection system?

Delivers the right amount of fuel into the engine

What does the air filter do?

Cleans incoming air before it enters engine

What does the oil system do?

Lubricates, cools and protects engine parts

What is the differential?

Allows wheels to rotate at different speeds when turning

What is power steering?

Helps driver steer easily via hydraulic/electric assist

What happens if brake fluid is missing?

Brakes won’t work

What do dashboard warning lights show?

Alerts to oil, overheating, ABS, and system faults

Why fix an exhaust leak immediately?

Toxic gases like CO can enter cabin

What is the handbrake for?

Keeps car stationary when parked or on slope

What does the catalytic converter do?

Reduces harmful emissions from exhaust

What are the types of brakes?

Disc brakes, drum brakes, ABS-assisted

What is the minimum tyre tread depth?

1.6 mm

What does a spare wheel or tyre kit do?

Replaces or temporarily repairs a flat tyre

What are seatbelts for?

Restrain passengers, reducing injury in crash

What are seatbelt pre-tensioners?

Tighten seatbelts instantly during a crash

What do airbags do?

Inflate in a crash to protect passengers

What are crumple zones?

Car body areas that deform to absorb crash energy

What are headlights for?

Illuminate road and make car visible

When use fog lights?

In fog, heavy rain or snow with visibility under 100m

What do brake lights indicate?

That the car is slowing or stopping

What do indicators show?

Direction changes (turns/lane changes)

What is ESP?

Electronic Stability Program prevents skidding by braking wheels

What is traction control?

Prevents wheel spin during acceleration

Why check tyre pressure?

Ensure grip, reduce fuel use, prevent wear

What do windscreen wipers do?

Clear rain, snow and dirt from windscreen

What is washer fluid for?

Sprays cleaning fluid onto windscreen

What to check before long journey?

Oil, coolant, tyre pressure, lights, fuel

What happens if engine oil is too low?

Engine overheats, wears out, may fail

Why check temperature gauge?

Shows if engine is overheating

What does handbrake warning light mean?

Parking brake on or brake fault

What does power steering warning light mean?

Failure in steering assist system

What does engine check light mean?

Fault in engine management system

What do mirrors do?

Allow observation of traffic behind and sides

What is the horn for?

Warn others of danger

What does odometer measure?

Total distance travelled

What does speedometer show?

Current vehicle speed

What is a radial tire?

A tire where the reinforcing cords run perpendicular (90°) to the direction of travel. Advantages: longer tread life, better fuel economy, more comfort, and less heat buildup.

What is a diagonal (bias-ply) tire?

A tire where the reinforcing cords run diagonally across layers, usually at 30–40°. Stronger for heavy loads but less comfort and faster wear.

What is wheel alignment and why is it important?

Wheel alignment sets the angles of wheels (toe, camber, caster) to manufacturer specifications. It prevents uneven tire wear, improves stability, reduces fuel consumption, and keeps the car driving straight.

What is camber in wheel alignment?

The tilt of the wheel inward or outward when viewed from the front. Negative camber = top tilts inward

What is toe in wheel alignment?

The angle of the wheels inward or outward when viewed from above. Incorrect toe causes tires to scrub and wear unevenly.

What is caster in wheel alignment?

The tilt of the steering axis forward or backward. Proper caster helps the wheels return to center after a turn, improving stability.

What are brake pads?

Friction material pressed against the brake disc to slow the wheel. Worn pads make squeaking or metallic sounds and must be replaced before they wear down to metal.

What is a brake pad retraction spring?

A spring that pulls the brake pad away from the disc/drum after braking. If broken, the pad may drag on the wheel, causing overheating, faster wear, and self-braking.

What is a brake shoe?

A curved metal piece with friction lining inside drum brakes. It presses outward on the drum to create braking force.

What is the difference between disc brakes and drum brakes?

Disc brakes use brake pads pressing a disc, offering better cooling and stopping power. Drum brakes use brake shoes pressing inside a drum, cheaper but less effective at heat dissipation.

What is ABS (Anti-lock Braking System)?

A system that prevents the wheels from locking up during braking. It allows steering while braking hard, reducing skidding.

What causes uneven tire wear?

Incorrect tire pressure, poor wheel alignment, worn suspension, or aggressive driving.

What does “M+S” mean on tires?

“Mud + Snow” – indicates a tire approved for winter or off-road conditions, though it is not necessarily a full winter tire.

Why is underinflated tire pressure dangerous?

It increases tire edge wear, fuel consumption, and risk of blowouts, and reduces vehicle handling.

Why is overinflated tire pressure dangerous?

It wears the center tread, reduces grip, makes the ride harsh, and increases stopping distance.

What is a side skid?

A sideways sliding of the car caused by loss of traction, often due to uneven tire pressure, sudden braking, sharp turns, or slippery road surfaces.

How can you reduce the risk of side skids?

Keep tires properly inflated, maintain even braking, reduce speed on slippery roads, and avoid sudden steering movements.

Why must a leaky exhaust pipe be repaired immediately?

Because toxic gases (like carbon monoxide) can enter the cabin, causing poisoning. It is more dangerous than just noise.

What is a constant velocity joint (CV joint)?

A joint in front-wheel-drive cars that transfers power to the wheels while allowing them to turn. If worn, it makes clicking noises when turning.

Why is it dangerous to brake for a long time on a steep descent with gear disengaged?

Because the brakes may overheat and lose effectiveness (fade) or even lock up. Engine braking cannot help if the gear is disengaged.

Tire marking 195/65 R15 – what does the number 15 indicate?

It indicates the rim diameter in inches. In this case, the tire fits a 15-inch rim.

In normal visibility, how far does the low beam illuminate?

About 50 meters ahead. This allows you to see the road without blinding oncoming drivers.

What is the correct stroke sequence of a four-stroke engine?

1. Intake (injection of air/fuel), 2. Compression, 3. Power (action), 4. Exhaust (ejection).

In which cars is the transfer case found?

In cars with all-wheel drive (4x4). It distributes power between the front and rear axles.

What is wheel alignment?

It is the angle of the wheels relative to the car and road. Correct alignment ensures stability, reduces tire wear, and improves safety.

What is the difference between radial and diagonal tires?

Radial tires have cords running radially (90°) to the direction of travel → better grip and durability. Diagonal (bias-ply) tires have cords at angles → less stable, older design.

What should you do if a car has broken down and the battery is dead while being towed?

Attach a warning triangle to the rear of the towed car and turn on hazard warning lights if possible. Towing is allowed at all times, not just in daylight.

What causes metallic noise or squeaking when braking?

Usually worn brake pads. The metal backing rubs against the brake disc. Can also happen from improper brake adjustment.

Why do the edges of the tire tread wear the most?

Because of underinflation (too low pressure). The outer edges press harder on the road and wear faster.

When is driving prohibited due to vehicle condition?

If the steering mechanism or main brake system does not work. Minor faults like a fuel gauge not working do not prohibit driving.

What does the marking M+S on tires mean?

Mud and Snow – indicates the tire is suitable for winter or off-road conditions. basically can be used all year round

What causes a car to skid sideways?

Uneven tire pressure or uneven braking of wheels can cause instability and side skid.

What happens if the brake pad retraction spring breaks?

The affected wheel may brake automatically because the pads remain pressed, leading to uneven braking.