Comprehensive Marijuana and Psychedelic Drugs: Effects, Receptors, and Legal Issues

True/False: Cannabis use is associated with an increased risk of psychotic behavior in the future.

True

Cannabis use...?

results in acute suppression of the immune system

leads to long lasting cardiovascular system problems

clearly increases risk of lung cancer

all of these

results in acute suppression of the immune system

_____ is a vapor spray medication that is about equal portions of CBD and THC.

Sativex

____ is a receptor for cannabinoids primarily found in our brains.

CB1

How does using marijuana affect a person's sleep?

decrease in REM sleep

NIDA's 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health revealed that about _______of Americans used marijuana in the last year.

22%

All of the following EXCEPT ________ are effects of marijuana use.

Impaired short term memory

Increased sensitivity to pain

Sensory enhancement

Increased reaction time

Increased sensitivity to pain

_____ is a medication that is CBD extracted from the Cannabis plant that has been FDA approved for 2 rare seizure disorders.

Epidiolex

Marijuana affects which of the following neurotransmitters?

Glutamate

Acetylcholine

GABA

True/False: Cannabidiol decreases the effect of THC at CB1 receptors

True

Which of the following is/are TRUE?

Cannabidiol is an agonist for CB1 receptors

Cannabidiol decreases the effect of THC at CB1 receptors

Cannabidiol helps breakdown endogenous cannabinoids

all of the choices are true

Cannabidiol decreases the effect of THC at CB1 receptors

Which of the following is a regulatory issue potentially limiting research into medical applications of marijuana?

ethical restrictions on the use of psychotropic drugs

funding cuts for the National Institutes for Health

classification of the drug as a Schedule I substance

inconsistency of state laws regarding the drug

classification of the drug as a Schedule I substance

Which of the following statements describes the conclusions/recommendations of professional committee reports on the effects of marijuana?

They have consistently warned about the multiple negative effects of marijuana use

They have always clearly stated there are no negative effects of marijuana use

The most recent report published in 2017 describes barriers to research evaluating the effects of cannabis and cannabinoids.

The most recent report published in 2017 recommends that cannabis should be available for recreational use in the US

The most recent report published in 2017 describes barriers to research evaluating the effects of cannabis and cannabinoids.

Which of the following is FALSE:

The short-term memory impairment associated with marijuana use can occur with fairly low doses

cannabis has some excitatory effects

Cannabis at high doses can bring about hallucinations

none of the other choices are FALSE (they are all TRUE)

none of the other choices are FALSE (they are all TRUE)

In New York City, during Prohibition, __________ opened to give marijuana users a place to smoke.

tea-pads

The endocannabinoid system

is involved in the regulation of neurotransmitters

plays a role in the stress response

plays a role in pain regulation

all of the other choices

all of the other choices

Which of the following effects on the reproductive system has research shown to be associated with chronic marijuana use?

decreases in the number of sperm in men

decreased hormone levels in women

decreases in sperm motility in men

All of these are correct.

All of these are correct.

A _________ is a cigar that is emptied of tobacco and refilled with marijuana.

blunt

True/False: Cannabis withdrawal is a disorder first included in the DSM-5.

True

Which of the following is true regarding the research evidence on the social/environmental effects of marijuana?

marijuana enhances competence in social situations

marijuana use causes amotivational syndrome

marijuana use causes aggression

None of the other choices

None of the other choices

_____ is the leafy top portion of the Cannabis sativa plant, while _____ is the resin produced by a cannabis plant to protect it from the sun.

Marijuana; hashish

True/False: Cannabis can worsen the course of schizophrenia.

True

The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids report by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2017) concluded that there is substantial evidence for the treatment of all of the below with cannabis or cannabinoids EXCEPT.

epilepsy

multiple sclerosis

chronic pain

nausea from chemotherapy

epilepsy

Which of the following is FALSE

Hashish has a higher THC percentage than marijuana does

Research investigating the effects of marijuana has always had about 10 - 12% THC in the marijuana

Today's street marijuana has about 10 - 12% THC content

Today's street marijuana has a higher THC content than 20 years ago.

Research investigating the effects of marijuana has always had about 10 - 12% THC in the marijuana

Which of the following is true?

retrograde neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron to influence the postsynaptic neuron

retrograde neurotransmitters are released from the postsynaptic neuron to influence the presynaptic neuron

THC increases the release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron.

THC decreases the release of neurotransmitters from the postsynaptic neuron

retrograde neurotransmitters are released from the postsynaptic neuron to influence the presynaptic neuron

Anandamide and 2-AG

are retrograde neurotransmitters

are endocannabinoids

exert a shorter action than THC

all of the other choices are TRUE

all of the other choices are TRUE

The primary psychoactive agent in marijuana that has been most studied is __________.

THC

Recent UN World Drug Report results indicate about _____ of people use marijuana worldwide yearly?

about 4 percent

Marijuana cigarettes contain ____________________.

less tar than tobacco cigarettes

no tar

more tar than tobacco cigarettes

the same amount of tar as tobacco cigarettes

more tar than tobacco cigarettes

Which of the following is FALSE

The peak blood concentration of THC when someone has smoked or vaped cannabis occurs in about 6 - 10 minutes

The peak blood concentration of THC when someone has ingested cannabis edibles occurs within 1 - 2 hours

A person who has smoked or vaped a cannabis product reports feeling the effect for about 2 to 4 hours

none of the other choices are false

The peak blood concentration of THC when someone has ingested cannabis edibles occurs within 1 - 2 hours

True/False: Synthetic marijuana is a stronger agonist than regular marijuana.

True

True/False: There is a lot about cannabis that we do not know at least in part because methodological limitations of research on cannabis.

True

True/False: THC inhibits the release of neurotransmitters.

True

True/False: When psychedelics are used in combination with psychotherapy in the treatment of psychological disorders, the drug is administered orally at home the evening before the meeting with the therapist.

False

True/False: The video shown in class about the use of psychedelics in treatment showed that participants were instructed to trust, let go and be open to the psychedelic experience.

True

Violent psychotic reactions have been reported with use of PCP

True

Which of the following is a sympathomimetic drug?

peyote

MDMA

LSD

All of these are correct.

All of these are correct.

Which drug has been associated with long-term deficits in serotonin activity?

MDMA

A sudden reoccurrence of a hallucinogenic experience is a(n) __________.

flashback

Which of the following is true of PCP?

It was developed as an anesthetic.

It produces hallucinations and tactile distortions.

All of these are correct.

It has been associated with psychotic reactions.

All of these are correct.

Which of the following drugs would give the user a dream-like high and leave the user with a poor memory for events that occurred while under the influence?

atropine

psilocybin

mescaline

phencyclidine

atropine

Which of the following is not a common effect of LSD?

auditory hallucinations

visual hallucinations

sympathomimetic effects

pupil dilation

auditory hallucinations

What substance has been found to reduce anxiety and depression in advanced cancer patients?

psilocybin

The active chemical in hallucinogenic mushrooms is ______ ; the active chemical in peyote is ________

psilocybin; mescaline

What is the ratio of potency between LSD and psilocybin?

100:1

True/False: The video shown in class about the use of psychedelics described the treatment as including sessions during which participants would experience the psychedelic and other sessions both before and after the psychedelic sessions.

True

The hallucinogenic effects of ____ were discovered by accident when ____ accidentally spilled some on his hand.

LSD; Albert Hofmann

An example of _____ would be if someone saw sounds as colors.

synesthesia

True/False: Activation of the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor is thought to be the key factor in producing visual hallucinations in serotonergic hallucinogens.

True

Which of the following is true of the serotonergic hallucinogens?

They are sympatholytic drugs.

They are sympathomimetic and produce visual hallucinations.

They produce aural and tactile hallucinations.

They decrease heart rate and blood pressure.

They are sympathomimetic and produce visual hallucinations.

Which of the following is/are true regarding hallucinogens

the category might be better named altered states of consciousness

often also activate the sympathetic nervous system

have the general effect of emphasizing sensation over logic and rational thought

all of the choices are true

all of the choices are true

Lifetime prevalence is highest for which hallucinogen?

LSD

Which statement is true for all hallucinogens?

They produce no noticeable physiological effects.

They alter perception and states of consciousness.

They are likely to cause dependence

They produce sympathetic nervous system arousal.

They alter perception and states of consciousness.

________ is derived from a plant in the sage family and is considered to be the most potent of any naturally-occurring hallucinogens.

Salvia

Which of the following is TRUE about ketamine?

a form of it has been approved for the treatment of depression

It is a dissociative anesthetic

All of these are correct.

it is used regularly in veterinary medicine

All of these are correct.

PCP is thought to act by influencing receptors for __________.

glutamate

Which of the following drugs would be most likely to produce changes/distortions in perception of one's body?

ketamine

DMT

MDMA (ecstasy)

scopolamine

ketamine

Which hallucinogens are either approved or are being researched currently as a treatment component for psychological disorders?

psilocybin, MDMA, and ketamine

Which of the following is NOT true of MDMA (Ecstasy)?

Effects include increase in warmth and empathy as well as decreased defensiveness

heatstroke and heart attacks have occurred with overdose

visual hallucinations are a common effect

it has been associated with brain damage in nonhumans

visual hallucinations are a common effect

Atropine and scopolomine are ______ for _________.

antagonists; acetylcholine

Ayahuasca tea contains what substance?

DMT

Which of the following was depicted in the video shown in class about the use of psychedelics in treatment?

all of the other choices are true

the video showed that LSD was more helpful for smoking cessation than what previous research has found with other interventions.

Two guides stayed with the participant while they were experiencing the effects of the drug 2

The participants were sitting up and describing what they were experiencing under the influence of psilocybin.

Two guides stayed with the participant while they were experiencing the effects of the drug 2

Which of the following is/are paired correctly?

Serotonergic hallucinogens -- LSD, DMT, mescaline

methylated amphetamines - MDMA

all of the other answers list correct pairings

Dissociative anesthetics -- PCP, Ketamine

all of the other answers list correct pairings

Stages of Change (Transtheoretical Model - TTM)

1. Precontemplation - No intention to change.

2. Contemplation - Thinking about change.

3. Preparation - Deciding and committing to change.

4. Action - Actively trying to change.

5. Maintenance - Keeping changes long-term.

6. Termination - No desire to return to old behavior.

7. Relapse/Recycling - Normal part of the cycle; restart the process.

Spontaneous Remission

Substance use problem resolves without treatment or self-help involvement.

Al-Anon is a

Support group for family members of someone with alcohol problems.

Alateen is a

Support group for teenagers affected by someone else's alcohol use.

Assessment (AOD Treatment)-

ASAM Six-dimension assessment system used to guide AOD treatment planning:

ASAM Dimension 1 → Acute intoxication/withdrawal potential.

ASAM Dimension 2 → Medical issues.

ASAM Dimension 3 → Emotional/behavioral conditions.

ASAM Dimension 4 → Treatment acceptance/resistance.

ASAM Dimension 5 → Relapse potential.

ASAM Dimension 6 → Recovery environment.

CRAFT (Community Reinforcement and Family Training) 3 Goals:

CRAFT Goal 1 → Improve the family member's own quality of life.

CRAFT Goal 2 → Make sobriety more rewarding than substance use.

CRAFT Goal 3 → Reduce substance use through positive reinforcement and changed consequences.