APHug Unit 5 Agriculture

Climate’s Role in Agriculture

Affects how crops grow, when to plant, and how much is produced.

Shifting Cultivation

A farming method where farmers clear a piece of land to grow crops, then move to another area and let the first one recover.

Intensive Subsistence

Farming where a lot of work is done on a small piece of land to grow enough food for a family.

Pastoral Nomadism

Moving with animals to find food and water

Plantation

A large farm that grows one main crop for sale

Mixed Crop and Livestock

Growing crops and raising animals on the same farm. Crops feed the animals.

Dairying

Raising animals for milk and dairy products.

Grain

Farming crops like wheat or corn for food.

Ranching

Raising animals on large open land for meat or wool.

Mediterranean

Farming crops like olives, grapes, and wheat in warm, dry climates near the Mediterranean or similar areas.

Commercial Gardneing

Growing fruits, vegetables, and flowers to sell.

Extensive Agriculture

Big land, low effort

Intensive Agriculture

Small land, high effort

Township and Range

A land surveying method that’s in square patterns

Metes and Bounds

A land surveying method using natural features

Long Lots

A land surveying method that divides land into long narrow strips to provide water and resources

First Agricultural Revolution

When humans transitioned from hunting to gathering

Second Agricultural Revolution

A period of when humas improved agricultural techniques by using innovation and technology.

Third Agricultural Revolution (Green Revolution)

A period marked by the introduction of high-yield crops, advanced agricultural techniques, and the use GMOS.

Bid-Rent Theory

A theory that explains how land value decreases as the distance from the city increases

Subsistence Agriculture

Farming systems that grow food for their own consumption

Commerical Agriculture

Farming systems that produce food to sell

Colonialism’s Role in Agriculture Today

It established plantations and cash crops that are still in global trade systems.

Globalization of Agriculture

The worldwide connection of agriculture through trade, technology, and markets, making food and products move across countries.

Agribusiness

Large scale farming operations

Economies of Scale

Producing more of something at a lower cost per unit.

Von Thünen Model

A model that shows how crops are grown around a city based on cost of land and transport.

Von Thünen Original Model

Farms closer to the city grow perishable goods; farther away grow things that are cheaper to transport.

Von Thünen Modern Model

Explains farming choices today, including factors like technology, global markets, and transportation, not just distance.

Commodity Chains

Steps to produce and sell a product, from making it to delivering it

Transnational Corporations

Companies that operate in many countries.

Environmental Impacts of Agriculture

Deforestation, soil erosion, pollution, loss of diversity

Food deserts and Other Inequalities Related to Agriculture

Some people lack access to healthy food, fair wages, or land, showing unequal distribution in agriculture.

Counter Movements to Modern Agriculture

roups support organic, local, and fair farming instead of big industrial farms.

Women’s Role in Agriculture

Women work on farms, grow food, and support families, often with less access to land or resources.

CAFO

Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation