NURS 209 Exam 2 Cardiovascular

diastole

ventricles relax, AV valves (tricuspid and mitral) open, and ventricles fill with blood

systole

ventricles contraction, blood pumped from ventricles fills pulmonary and systemic arteries through semilunar valves (pulmonic and aortic)

S1

the sound of AV valves closing (lub)

S2

the sound of the semilunar valves closing (dub)

sinoatrial (SA) node

atrioventricular (AV) node

right atrium

right ventricle

left atrium

left ventricle

what are the steps to the electrical conduction flow in the heart

nocturia

the need to wake up during the night to urinate

aortic valve area

second right interspace

pulmonic valve area

second left interspace

erb's point

third left interspace (S1,S2)

tricuspid valve area

fourth left interspace

mitral valve area

fifth interspace at left midclavicular line

first heart sound (S1)

sound of AV valves being forced closed

beginning of systole

best heard at apex

second heart sound (S2)

sound from closure of the semilunar valves

beginning of diastole

heard loudest at the base

third heart sound (S3)

occurs when ventricles resistant to filling during early diastole

occurs immediately after S2, when AV valves open and atrial blood first pours into ventricles

ventricular gallop "ken-tucky"

fourth heart sound (S4)

occurs at the end of diastole, at presystole, when ventricle resistant to filling

S4 occurs just before S1

atrial gallop "tenne-ssee"

murmurs

gentle, blowing, swooshing sound that can be heard on chest wall

conditions that create turbulent blood flow and collision currents

paresthesia

sensation described as pins and needles

hemiparesis

muscle weakness on one side of the body

paralysis

loss of muscle function in part of your body

1+ mild pitting

slight indentation, about 2mm

returns to normal quickly

extremity contour looks normal

2+ moderate pitting

indents to 4mm or 1/4 inch

takes 13-15 seconds to relieve indentation

contour of extremity looks normal

3+ deep pitting

indents to 6mm or 1/4-1/2 inch

takes 1-2 minutes to relieve indentation

looks edematous

4+ very deep pitting

indents to 8mm or 1/2-1 inches

takes 2-5 minutes to relieve indention

grossly edematous

brawny edema

occurs due to lymphatic obstruction and hemosiderin deposition

non-pitting, hard

phlebitis

inflammation of a vein

thrombophlebitis

inflammation a of vein with clot formation

arteriosclerosis

hardening of the arteries

atherosclerosis

Hardening of arteries due to plaque buildup