histology test

Histology

The study of tissues

Epithelial tissue

Covering or lining, stomach/skin

Connective tissue

Holds things together, knee, shoulder, pelvis

Nerve tissue

Responsible for sending messages

Muscle tissue

Can produce own movements

Squamous cells

Thin layer of cells, moves oxygen quickly throughout the body, lungs/aorta

Cuboidal cells

Produces and moves things out, adrenal/saliva glands

Columnar cells

Long thin cells on edge of epithelial cells, absorbs through intestine edges

Goblet cells

Produces snot, sinuses

Transitional cells

Stretchy, can change shape, needed when something needs to expand, stomach lining/bladder

Simple

Stratified

Psudostratified

Osseous tissue C

Bone tissue

vascular tissue C

Blood (red, white, platelets)

Hyline cartilage

Rigid, nose, ribs, spinal disks, surrounding joints

Elastic cartilage

Stretches, ear

Fibrocartilage

Like the sole of a shoe, a mixture of tissue and cartilage

Loose proper connective tissue areolar

Holds the body together

Proper connective tissue Dense

Tendon and ligaments

Proper connective tissue Loose adipose

Fat storage in the body

Features of connective tissue

Cells (grapes), Fibers and maybe blood (noodles), matrix (jello)

Smooth muscle tissue

Lines stomach/bladder, it expands

Cardiac muscle tissue

Heart, Cells divided and converge, one nuclei per cell, intercalated disks

Skeletal muscle tissue

Muscles surrounding bones

Stratum corneum

The outermost layer, most protective

Stratum lucindum

Thin, translucent layer present in the thicker region of epidermis

Stratum granulosum

Layer Where keratinization begins

Stratum spinosum

Composed of multiple layers of polygonal keratinocytes (keratin producing cells)

Reticular dermis

Thick, bottom layer, soles of feet, palms

Papillary dermis

Thin, top layer

Whorls

Finger print types that form a swirl shape

Arch

Finger print types that form a small arch shape

Loop

Finger Print type that forms a small loop shape

Deep tissue receptors

A nerve ending found in the deep layers of the skin, they are bare endings

Light touch receptors

A nerve ending found in the epidermis, they are flattened epithelial cells

Specialized nerve ending

Found in the dermis, on fingers, palms, tongues, they have encapsulated nerve endings

Sebaceous glands

Releases sebaum, causes acne, protects skin from moisture loss, brittle hair, bacteria and fungi, found in the second layer of the dermis.

Sudoriferous glands

Secretes sweat, two types; eccrine (small/simple)- open directly into skin, and apocrine (large/branched)- opens to a hair follicle.

Ceruminous glands

Modified glands in the ear canal, protects and lubricates the ear canal with an antibacterial layer, they are coiled and tubular. cerumen=earwax

Mammary glands

Females primarily use them, they create lactose for an infant, men have evolved to not create the lactose.

1st degree burn

Burn on the epidermis, sunburns

2nd degree burn

Burn on the top two layers of the skin (epidermis/dermis), causes blisters to form front the fluid buildup between the layers.

3rd degree burn

Nerve endings are destroyed, no pain, burns through all three layers of the skin and sometimes fat and muscle below

9% rule

Used to estimate total burn damage, and used to determine treatment needed for a patient

Hair

Protein filament, grows in follicular, found in dermis, made of keratin, sebaum, and melanin

Nails

Hard structure of dead keratin filled skin cells, protects digits, enhances tactile sensation and tool

Hair matrix

Located at each follicle base, rapidly dividing cells, cells undergo keratinization

Nail matrix

Tissue under nail base, growth center for nail plate, cell division

Dorsal

Cavities, vertebral, cranial

Ventral

Cavities, thoracic, upper abdominal, pelvis

Long bones

Arms and legs

Short bones

Chunky

Flat bones

Ribs, sternum, scapula, cranial

Irregular bones

Pelvis, facial, vertebra

Skeletal system functions

Protection, support, structure, shape, movement, blood cell production, mineral storage, stores fat

Hypodermic

The deepest layer of skin

Dermis

The middle layer of skin

Epidermis

The most superficial layer of skin

Skin functions

Protection- dehydration, microorganisms, uv light, mechanical damage

Mobility- allows smooth body movement

Immunity- development against pathogens

Tempature regulation- conserving/releasing heat (sweat and Goosebumps)

Endocrine activity- initiates biochemical process involved in vitamin d production