ap world history topic 5

Enlightenment

intellectual movement,emphasized reason, science, and individual rights as the foundations for society and government.

natural right

Individual human are born with certain rights and nobody even the government can take that away

social contract

is the idea that people agree to give up some of their freedoms and submit to the authority of a government in exchange for protection of their rights and the maintenance of social order.

Nationalism

A sense of community among people base on share language,religion and culture.Is also the reason why a lot of revolutions start

Suffrage

the right to vote

Democracy

people have the right to vote and influence the polices of the government

American revolution

In 1776 After the 7 year war British was in debt so they taxed the colonies heavily the Americans didn’t like this so with the help of France the Americans rebelled and won against Britain.

French revolution

In 1789 King Louis wanted to tax France the people rebelled against this after they won they become republic and then became a monarchy again.

Haitian revolution

1791 the people of Haitian heard about the french rebellion and they started to rebel when they won they established the first black government.

Latin America revolution

Influence by the enlightenment. Wanted to be free for Portugal after that many Latin american colonies became republic.

Propaganda Movement in the Philippines

The student who travel to Europe brought back ides like the enlightenment and nationalism and these started to published those ideas the Spanish didn’t like that so they suppress that and the Philippine moment broke out

Industrial revolution

Goods that were made by hand started to be made by machines this was a major change it reorder societies,change the balance of political power.

Britain

Industrial revolution first started in Britain because it was near lakes and rivers and it also had the natural resources and foreign resources

coal and iron

coal power help increase iron which they used to built bridges and machines

Timber

In north america

Agriculture revolution

The amount of food grown on farms increased

Crop rotation

Kept parts of the land unplanned. so the fertility of the soil would be maintained

seed drill

Seed plants more efficiently and accurately

Urbanization

people looked for jobs in machine places

steam engine

A machine that converted fossil fuel into mechanical energy.

France

started to adapt industrial technologies but it was slower then the British because they didn’t have coal and iron

United States

They had a tons of resources and a large population which led them to flourish

Russia

Adapted many industrial technology like railroad and steam engine and was state developed

Meiji restoration

In japan they borrowed western education and western technology and established a government.

Steel

The main building material for industrialization was more cheaper and was used for ships,bridges, and railroads.

Chemical engineering

Synthetic dyes for textile were cheaper

Rubber

widely used in factories for belts,machines and tires

Electrify

Significant impact Thomas Edison invention the light bulb which gave people light

Telegraph

Gave commutation around the wolrd

Muhammad Ali

In Egypt went ahead and took step to industrialization

Tanzanian reforms

Textile and weapons factories built,agriculture government purchase crops to sold on world market and tariffs on import goods to protect this development of Egyptian economy but this failed because of Britain.

Free market

Economic was use it wasn’t state driven but market driven

Adam Smith

Criticized mercantilism by saying mercantilism only benefit the elites.He wanted the consumer and supplier to work together and that wealth should be equally split

Jeremy Bentham

The suffering of the working class and society was not free market economic but government legislation.

Fredric list

Rejected global free market principles as a trick that the British was playing the world

Laissez Fair

The government doesn’t interference

Transnational corporation

Established and control in one country but also established large operations in may countries.

Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation

In 1865 the British control Hong Kong to organize imperial ventures.

Stock market

To finance the building of these large scale businesses.

Capitalism

private individuals or businesses own and control property and production, with the goal of making profit in a free market.

Political reform

changes made to improve a government or political system

Social reforms

changes aimed at improving society

Education reforms

1870-1974 the government passed a law that children between the age of 6-12 should be going to school higher paying jibs became more educate based.

Urban reforms

The urban area were dirty so the govermnt passed a law of it to stay clean

labor union

Groups of worker should joining together ti protect their rights and demand for higher pay and improve working condition.

Karl Marx

believed that history is shaped by class struggle and that the working class (proletariat) should **rise up against the ruling class (bourgeoisie) to create a classless, communist society.

Ottoman empire

It started to be known as the sick man of Europe It lost land to industrial powers so the Ottomans decided to industrialize they build textile factories and western ideas.

young ottoman

They wanted the ottoman empire to be the Europe with a parliament and a Constitution government the sultan accept some changes but then went back.

Industrial working class

Were made up of factory workers and miners they were in lot of times in danger because the working conditions.

Middle class

White collar jobs such as manger,doctors and lawyers they were doing good for themselves and upper middle class could but themselves into aristocracy

Industrialist

Int he top of the social hierarchy they gain their wealth from industrial corporations which allowed them to become powerful then the traditional aristocracy

Industrial cities

Grew far to quickly and was crowed apartments

Pollution

Coal smoke from factories and steam ships hovered in towns with toxic smoke causing health problems and polluted the water