totalitarianism

First Amendment

Protects speech, religion, assembly, and petition.

Totalitarianism

Political system with no limits on authority.

Authoritarianism

Political power maintained with some societal freedoms.

Totalitarian Characteristics

Includes single party, terror, and censorship.

Ideological Totalitarianism

Based on a guiding philosophy or ideology.

Racial Totalitarianism

Focuses on racial superiority and purity.

Religious Totalitarianism

Governance based on religious principles.

Fascism

Totalitarian regime emphasizing extreme nationalism.

Benito Mussolini

Leader of Italy's Fascist regime.

Black Shirts

Fascist paramilitary groups attacking communists.

Corporate State

Economy controlled by the state and corporations.

Fascist Youth Groups

Organizations promoting military discipline among youth.

Nuremberg Laws

Racist laws stripping citizenship from Jews.

Kristallnacht

Night of violence against Jewish businesses in 1938.

Reichstag Fire

Event blamed on communists to justify repression.

Mein Kampf

Hitler's autobiography outlining his ideology.

Lebensraum

Concept of living space for German expansion.

Third Reich

Nazi regime in Germany from 1933 to 1945.

SA (Sturmabteilung)

Nazi paramilitary organization, known as Storm Troopers.

Autobahn

German highway system allowing high-speed travel.

Beer Hall Putsch

Failed coup attempt by Hitler in 1923.

Appeasement

Policy of conceding to aggressor demands.

Spanish Civil War

Conflict between Republicans and Franco's Nationalists.

Great Purge

Stalin's campaign to eliminate dissent in USSR.

Manchukuo

Japanese puppet state in Manchuria.

Dachau

First Nazi concentration camp established in 1933.

Munich Conference

Meeting allowing Nazi annexation of Sudetenland.

Anschluss

Annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany.

Ethiopia Invasion

Italy's military aggression against Ethiopia in 1935.

Lidice Massacre

Nazi retaliation against Czech town in 1942.

Psychological Warfare

Tactics affecting enemy morale and mental state.

Auschwitz

Largest Nazi concentration and death camp in WWII.

Gas Chambers

Facilities used for mass extermination of victims.

War Communism

Lenin's economic policy during Russian Civil War.

New Economic Policy (NEP)

Lenin's plan allowing small businesses and limited capitalism.

Five-Year Plans

Stalin's economic strategy for rapid industrialization.

Collectivization

Forced consolidation of individual farms into collective farms.

Holodomor

Famine in Ukraine caused by Soviet policies.

The Great Purge

Stalin's campaign to eliminate political dissent.

Gulag System

Network of forced labor camps in the Soviet Union.

Mao Zedong

Leader of the Chinese Communist Party, initiated Great Leap Forward.

Great Leap Forward

Mao's campaign to rapidly industrialize China, causing famine.

Cultural Revolution

Mao's movement to reinforce communist ideology in China.

Islamic Republic

Theocratic government system in Iran integrating Islam with democracy.

Guardian Council

Body in Iran overseeing elections and legislation.

Stalin's Economic Policies

Focused on heavy industry and collectivization of agriculture.

Adolf Hitler

Leader of Nazi Germany responsible for the Holocaust.

Soviet Union

Socialist state encompassing Russia and surrounding countries.

Concentration Camps

Detention centers for political prisoners and undesirables.

Slave Labor

Forced labor without compensation, often in harsh conditions.

Command Economy

Economic system where government makes all production decisions.

Stalin's Death

Died from cerebral hemorrhage in 1953.

Pravda

Newspaper edited by Stalin, meaning 'truth' in Russian.

Lenin's Succession

Stalin rose to power after Lenin's death in 1924.

Economic Collapse

Result of War Communism leading to NEP adoption.

Political Repression

Suppression of dissent through violence and intimidation.

Mass Extermination

Systematic killing of large groups, notably in Holocaust.

Famine

Widespread scarcity of food, leading to starvation.

Blasphemy

The act of insulting or showing contempt for God or sacred things.

Leon Trotsky

Russian revolutionary and Marxist theorist who was a key figure in the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. He served as the People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs and later as the founder and commander of the Red Army. Trotsky was known for his opposition to Stalin's rise to power and advocated for 'permanent revolution' as opposed to socialism in one country. His disagreements with Stalin led to his expulsion from the Communist Party, and he was ultimately assassinated in Mexico in 1940.

What is Fascism?

A totalitarian regime emphasizing extreme nationalism and often characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, and strong regimentation of society and the economy.

Night of Long Knives

The Night of Long Knives was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from June 30 to July 2, 1934, in which Adolf Hitler ordered the assassination of potential rivals and the elimination of the SA leadership, consolidating his power.

Beer Hall Putsch

A failed coup attempt by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in 1923 aimed at overthrowing the Weimar government.

Enabling Act

Legislation that allowed Adolf Hitler to enact laws without the involvement of the Reichstag, effectively giving him dictatorial powers.

1936 Olympics

Held in Berlin, Germany, the 1936 Olympics were used by the Nazi regime to promote their ideology and showcase a strong Germany, featuring notable athlete Jesse Owens, who won 4 gold medals.