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Integumentary System
The organ system that includes the skin, hair, nails, and associated glands.
Epidermis
The outermost layer of skin, providing a protective barrier.
Dermis
The thick layer of skin beneath the epidermis containing blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue.
Hyperpigmentation
An increase in skin color, often due to excess melanin.
Hypopigmentation
A loss of skin pigmentation, resulting in lighter skin areas.
Pruritus
Itching sensation on the skin.
Seborrhea
Oily skin condition characterized by excessive secretion of sebum.
Xerosis
Skin condition characterized by excessive dryness.
Pallor
An abnormal lightness of the skin, often indicating reduced blood flow.
Erythema
Redness of the skin caused by increased blood flow to the capillaries.
Cyanosis
Bluish discoloration of the skin due to decreased oxygen saturation.
Jaundice
Yellowing of the skin and eyes caused by an excess of bilirubin in the blood.
Alopecia
Hair loss that can occur suddenly or gradually.
Hirsutism
Excessive growth of facial or body hair in women.
Capillary refill
A test to assess peripheral circulation by measuring the time it takes for color to return to an area after it has been compressed.
Clubbing
A condition where the nails undergo changes due to hypoxia, characterized by an angle greater than 180 degrees.
Macule
A flat, distinct, colored area of skin that is less than 1 cm in diameter.
Ulcer
A deeper depression extending into the dermis, which may bleed and can leave a scar.
Braden Scale
A tool for predicting pressure sore risk by assessing factors such as mobility, nutrition, and moisture.
Lesions
Traumatic or pathological changes in previously normal skin structures.
Edema
Fluid accumulation in intercellular spaces, which can be classified as pitting or non-pitting.
