Basics of Inheritance and Punnett Squares

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to inheritance, Punnett squares, traits, and blood types.

Diploid Cells

Cells that have two alleles for each gene.

Alleles

Different versions of a gene found on homologous chromosomes.

Homozygous Dominant

An individual with two dominant alleles for a gene (e.g., YY).

Heterozygous

An individual with one dominant and one recessive allele (e.g., Yy).

Homozygous Recessive

An individual with two recessive alleles (e.g., yy).

Punnett Square

A diagram used to predict the genotypes of offspring from parental genotypes.

Genotype

An individual's genetic makeup for a specific gene.

Phenotype

The observable characteristics or traits of an individual.

Dominant Allele

An allele that exerts its effects whenever it is present.

Recessive Allele

An allele whose effects are masked by the presence of a dominant allele.

True-Breeding Plants

Plants that consistently produce offspring identical to themselves.

Co-Dominance

A relationship between alleles where both are fully expressed in the phenotype.

Sex-linked Traits

Traits whose expression is influenced by the sex of the individual.

X-linked Disorders

Disorders linked to genes on the X chromosome, affecting more males than females.

Blood Types

Classifications of blood based on the presence of antigens on red blood cells.

Autosomal Traits

Traits that are not linked to the sex of the individual and are inherited equally by sons and daughters.

Hybrid Plants

Offspring of true-breeding plants that display mixed genetic traits.