pdfs 129?

Define:
Our psyche interacts with social forces to form our personality

Psychosocial (Erik Erikson's Theory)

List the 5:
Aspects of the Lifespan Perspective

-Contextualism
-Lifelong development
-Plasticity
-Multidimensionality
-Multidirectionality

Fill in the blanks:
A particular aspect of personality will emerge because of the __________ and the _________ interact in a certain way.

capacities of the person
demands of the environment

Define:
A unique problem (or task) that we are confronted with during a specific period of life; we will resolve this crisis either positively or negatively.

Psychosocial Crisis

Fill in the blanks:
Once a resolution of the psychosocial crisis is reached, it becomes a ________________; and we develop a _____________

part of our personality
particular orientation towards life

Define which stage/crisis:
-Birth to 18 months
-"Can I trust?"
-"Is the world a safe place?"
-Calls for: warm, responsive, consistent caregiving
-Does not call for: unresponsive, harsh, neglectful, abusive

Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust

Define which stage/crisis:
-18 months to 3 years
-"Can I do it?"
-Exploration, independence
-Calls for: patience, encouragement
-Does not call for: belittling discouraging

Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Define which stage/crisis:
-4 to 5 years
-"WHAT can I do?"
-Curiosity
-Free play
-Allow child to try

Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt

Define which stage/crisis:
-6 to 10 years
-"Can I keep trying?"
-Perseverance
-Capacity to work, to problem solve
-Teachers play a big role

Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority

Define which stage/crisis:
-11 to 22 years
-"WHO am I?"
-Family, friends, teachers, coaches, mentors
- "Where do I fit in?"
-"What do I want to do?"
-"What do I believe?"

Stage 5: Identity vs. Role Confusion

Define which stage/crisis:
-22 to 35 years
-"How do I love?"
-"How do I want to be loved?"
-"What do relationships mean to me?"
-Romantic relationships and friendships
-Commitment

Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation

Define which stage/crisis:
-Middle adulthood, 35 to 65 years
-"What am I doing with my life?"
-Giving back
-Community
-Achievement
-"What will outlive me?"

Stage 7: Generativity vs. Self-Absorption

Define which stage/crisis:
-Old age, 65 to 85 years
-"How have I lived my life?"
-Finding meaning in one's life
-Going within

Stage 8: Integrity vs. Despair

Define which stage/crisis:
-Old, old age; 90's and up
-Transcendence (ready to die)
-Ready to move on

Stage 9: Hope & Faith vs. Despair

List the 5:
Top 5 Regrets of the Dying

1. I wish I'd had the courage to live a life true to myself, not the life others expected of me.
2. I wish I hadn't worked so hard.
3. I wish I'd had the courage to express my feelings.
4. I wish I had stayed in touch with my friends.
5. I wish that I had let myself be happier.

List the 6:
Characteristics of Psychosocial Crises

1. Our attention is placed on a particular task; that task is at the forefront.
2. The way in which we resolve the problem/task/crisis at each stage will have an effect on subsequent stages.
3. Resolution is NOT an all or nothing matter.
4. Crisis is NOT a time of disaster.
5. Resolution can be challenged or shaken at any time in later development, for better or for worse.
6. The resolution of each crisis at each stage leaves us with qualities that become part of our personality.

Define:
An appraisal of another's dependability and genuineness

Trust 

Fill in the blanks:
For infants, trust is a state of feeling confident that they are _________ and that their ______________.

valued
needs will be met

Fill in the blanks:
Trust is fostered in _________ and established by _________ through the day-to-day interactions of infants and caregivers.

infancy
18 months of age

Fill in the blanks:
Trust is fostered in infancy and established by 18 months of age through the ______________ of infants and ___________.

day-to-day interactions
caregivers

Fill in the blanks:
Trust-->______--> Optimism-->_________

Hope
Courage

Fill in the blank:
_____________, we are programmed to be wary of harsh stimuli.

Biologically

Fill in the blank:
______________, we are or are not protected from harsh stimuli by caregivers.

Socially

Fill in the blank:
______________, we learn that the world is generally safe or not safe.

Psychologically

Fill in the blank:
Infants distress often _________ to soothe themselves.

exceeds their capacity

Fill in the blank:
The ability of the caregiver to ____________ is central to developing _________ and an ___________ to the caregiver.

soothe the infant
trust
attachment

List the Two Components found in social interactions:

1. Matching
2. Synchrony

Define this Component found in social interactions:
Presence of same or similar behaviors (cooing, smiling, upsetness)

Matching

Define this Component found in social interactions:
Movement from one emotional state to another in a fluid pattern

Synchrony

Fill in the blank:
Components found in social interactions become more ________ overtime.

coordinated

Fill in the blank:
As time goes by, mother and baby both learn to regulate the amount of time that passes between the ____________ and the ___________

expression of a need
satisfying the need

Fill in the blank:
Research shows, babies whose mothers responded quickly and consistently to their cries in the first few months ___________ in later months.

cried less 

Define:
The strong emotional bond that children form with their primary caregivers (typically their mother).

Attachment

Fill in the blank:
Attachment is an intense emotional relationship that emerges _________.

overtime

Define this theory:
Two factors that babies (both human and animal) need for survival are protection and exploration.

John Bowlby's Attachment Theory

Define:
-Babies need to keep their caregivers nearby
-Behaviors such as crying, clinging, vocalizing, smiling
-Survival for humans depends on it
-Other people are infants primary environment

Protection

Define:
-Learning independence is necessary for surviving and thriving
-We learn to be independent through exploring and manipulating the environment

Exploration

Fill in the blank:
But are these two odds, _______________ and ____________ at odds with each other?

Protection
Exploration

The way babies reconcile the need to be protected (staying close to mom) and to explore (moving away from mom)
-Babies learn they can use their parent as a _________ _______ when parent is warm, responsive, sensitive

Secure Base

What are these two facts true of?
1. The security of infant attachment will be determined by the quality of early caregiving
2. The security of early attachment will affect a child's later relationships

Attachment Security

Fill in the blank:
The security of infant attachment will be determined by the quality of ________ ___________.

early
caregiving