fallacy

Ad hominem

directed against the person rather than the situation

appeal to authority

agreeing with a claim because an authority figure does.

appeal to emotion

when a person targets someones emotions to get them to agree with a claim.

bad analogy

a fallacy that occurs when a comparison is made between two ideas or situations that are not truly comparable.

bandwagon appeal

the fallacy of claiming that something is true or right simply because it is popular or widely accepted.

begging the question

a fallacy in which an argument's premises assume the truth of the conclusion, instead of supporting it.

cliche thinking

a fallacy that involves relying on oversimplified or stereotypical ideas instead of critical reasoning.

either/or fallacy

a fallacy that presents only two options or outcomes when more possibilities exist, thus oversimplifying the argument.

false analogy

a fallacy that occurs when two cases are compared based on irrelevant or dissimilar aspects, leading to a misleading conclusion.

false cause

a fallacy that assumes a causal relationship between two events simply because one follows the other in time.

hasty generalization

a fallacy that draws a broad conclusion based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence, often leading to stereotypes or misconceptions.

non sequitur

a fallacy in which a conclusion does not logically follow from the premises or evidence presented, often leading to an irrelevant conclusion.

red herring

a fallacy that introduces an irrelevant topic or distraction in order to divert attention from the original issue or argument.

slippery slope

a fallacy that asserts that a relatively small first step inevitably leads to a chain of related events culminating in some significant impact, often with fear-based reasoning.

straw man

a fallacy that misrepresents or distorts someone's argument to make it easier to attack or refute, rather than addressing the actual argument.