APUSH Unit 5 Vocabulary

Manifest Destiny

1800s belief that Americans had the right to spread across the continent.

Nativism

An anti-foreign feeling that arose in the 1840's and 1850's in response to the influx of Irish and German Catholics.

Know-Nothing Party

A very secretive political party that was against foreigners coming into the country; supporters were called nativists

Homestead Act

1862 - Provided free land in the West to anyone willing to settle there and develop it. Encouraged westward migration.

Compromise of 1850

1850,Forestalled the Civil War by instating the Fugitive Slave Act , banning slave trade in DC, admitting California as a free state, splitting up the Texas territory, and instating popular sovereignty in the Mexican Cession

Kansas Nebraska Act

1854, Created Nebraska and Kansas as states and gave the people in those territories the right to chose to be a free or slave state through popular sovereignty.

Dred Scott Decision

1857, Supreme Court decision that deemed the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional, declared slaves to be "property" that could not be removed without due process (Fifth Amendment).

Radical Republicans

After the Civil War, a group that believed the South should be harshly punished and thought that Lincoln was sometimes too compassionate towards the South.

Emancipation Proclamation

Issued by abraham lincoln on september 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free

Wilmot Proviso

1846 proposal that outlawed slavery in any territory gained from the War with Mexico

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

Treaty that ended the Mexican War, granting the U.S. control of Texas, New Mexico, and California in exchange for $15 million

Gadsden Purchase

1853 purchase by the United States of southwestern lands from Mexico

Free-Soil Movement

A movement of abolitionists who believed that slavery should be abolished in frontier territories not due to its immoral sentiments, but since it deprives white yeomanry of land opportunities

"Bleeding Kansas"

A sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and pro-Slavery elements that took place in Kansas-Nebraska Territory. The dispute further strained the relations of the North and South, making civil war imminent.

Lecompton Constitution

The pro-slavery constitution suggested for Kansas' admission to the union. It was rejected.

Popular Sovereignty

A belief that ultimate power resides in the people.

Crittenden Compromise

amendment to protect slavery where it existed with the extension of the 36-30 line to California

Fugitive Slave Law

Enacted by Congress in 1793 and 1850, these laws provided for the return of escaped slaves to their owners. The North was lax about enforcing the 1793 law, which irritated the South no end. The 1850 law was tougher and was aimed at eliminating the underground railroad.

Secession

Formal withdrawal of states or regions from a nation

Sumner-Brooks Incident

Pro-slavery congressman Preston Brooks attacked anti-slavery senator Charles Sumner in the Senate over slavery (1856)

Harpers Ferry Raid

John Brown plans to start a slave uprising, so he steals weapons at Harpers Ferry and is stopped by U.S. Marines where he is captured

Freeport Doctrine

Doctrine developed by Stephen Douglas that said the exclusion of slavery in a territory could be determined by the refusal of the voters to enact any laws that would protect slave property. It was unpopular with Southerners, and thus cost him the election., 1858

Stephen Douglas

A moderate, who introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854 and popularized the idea of popular sovereignty.

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Abolitionist, author of Uncle Tom's Cabin

Greenback

Name for Union paper money not backed by gold or silver. Value would fluctuate depending on status of the war

Morrill Land Grant

(1862) The legislation gave states that had remained in the Union 30,000 acres, multiplied by the number of congressmen representing that state, to establish agricultural and mechanical colleges.

Fort Sumter

Federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; the confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War

Anaconda Plan

This was created by the Union, and was composed with six components which involves on liberating slaves, blockading in the Southern area, capturing and controlling enemy base and defeat the troops by dividing them

13th Amendment

Abolished Slavery

14th Amendment

1) Citizenship for African Americans, 2) Repeal of 3/5 Compromise, 3) Denial of former confederate officials from holding national or state office, 4) Repudiate (reject) confederate debts

15th Amendment

Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color, or precious condition of servitude

Copperheads

A vocal group of Northern Democrats who opposed the American Civil War, wanting an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates

Ex Parte Milligan

was a United States Supreme Court case that ruled suspension of Habeas Corpus by President Abraham Lincoln as constitutional

Habeas corpus

A court order requiring authorities to bring a prisoner before the court so that the court can determine whether the prisoner is being held legally.

Compromise 1877

Compromise that enables Hayes to take office in return for the end of Reconstruction

Wade-Davis Bill

1864 Proposed far more demanding and stringent terms for reconstruction; required 50% of the voters of a state to take the loyalty oath and permitted only non-confederates to vote for a new state constitution; Lincoln refused to sign the bill, pocket vetoing it after Congress adjourned.

Freedman's Bureau

1865 - Agency set up to aid former slaves in adjusting themselves to freedom. It furnished food and clothing to needy blacks and helped them get jobs

Black Codes

Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War

Congressional Reconstruction

A process led by the Radical Republicans that led to the usage of military force to protect blacks' rights.

Tenure of Office Act

1866 - enacted by radical congress - forbade president from removing civil officers without senatorial consent - was to prevent Johnson from removing a radical republican from his cabinet.