period 3 apush vocab

Salutary Neglect

ax enforcement of trade laws, allowing colonies to self-govern and develop independence.

King William’s War

First of four colonial wars between Britain and France; fought over control of North America.

French & Indian War

Conflict between Britain/colonists and France/Native allies; Britain won, gaining Canada and land east of the Mississippi.

The Albany Congress

Meeting of colonial delegates to strengthen defense and relations with the Iroquois during French threat.

The Albany Plan of Union

Benjamin Franklin’s proposal for a unified colonial government; rejected, but foreshadowed unity.

General Edward Braddock

British general defeated in 1755 at Fort Duquesne; showed weakness of British tactics in frontier warfare.

Treaty of Paris

Ended French & Indian War; Britain gained Canada and land east of Mississippi; Spain got Louisiana.

Pontiac’s Rebellion

Native uprising against British forts/settlers in Great Lakes region; led to Proclamation of 1763.

Proclamation of 1763

Banned colonial settlement west of Appalachians to avoid conflict with Natives; angered colonists.

George Grenville

British Prime Minister; enforced taxes (Sugar, Stamp Acts) to raise revenue from colonies.

Molasses Act

Tax on imported molasses from non-British colonies; widely ignored due to smuggling.

Sugar Act

Lowered molasses tax but enforced it strictly; aimed to raise revenue, angered colonists.

Quartering Act

Required colonists to house and supply British soldiers.

Stamp Act

Tax on printed materials (newspapers, legal docs); sparked widespread colonial protests.

Whigs

British opposition party; supported colonial rights and opposed absolute monarchy

Sons & Daughters of Liberty

Radical colonial protest groups; resisted taxes through boycotts and intimidation

Samuel Adams

Leader of Sons of Liberty, organizer of protests, Boston Tea Party planner.

Stamp Act Congress

Meeting of 9 colonies; declared only colonial assemblies could tax colonists.

Patrick Henry

Virginia orator; “Give me liberty or give me death!”; opposed British tyranny.

Declaratory Act

Repealed Stamp Act but asserted Parliament’s authority to tax colonies.

Townshend Acts

Import duties on glass, paper, tea; sparked boycotts.

Boston Massacre

British soldiers killed 5 colonists; used as Patriot propaganda.

Boston Tea Party

Colonists (disguised as Natives) dumped British tea to protest Tea Act.

Coercive Acts

British punishment for Tea Party; closed Boston harbor, restricted assemblies.

Quebec Act

Extended Quebec’s territory south, allowed Catholicism; angered Protestant colonists.

Intolerable Acts

series of acts implemented in response to the boston tea party 

Thomas Jefferson

Author of Declaration of Independence, 3rd U.S. president, Democratic-Republican leader.

The Continental Congress

First meeting of colonies to coordinate resistance to British policies.

Lexington & Concord

intiated the revolution, first war,

“Minutemen”

Colonial militia ready to fight at a moment’s notice.

Second Continental Congress

Managed war effort, appointed Washington, declared independence.

George Washington

Commander of Continental Army; later 1st U.S. president.

Battle of Bunker Hill

Early battle; heavy British losses showed colonists could stand up to regular army.

Olive Branch Petition

Last attempt at peace with Britain; rejected by King George III.

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

Pamphlet urging independence; blamed monarchy and called for republican government.

John Locke’s Social Contract

Enlightenment idea that government exists with consent of the governed; influenced Declaration.

Deism

Belief in God as creator but not intervening; popular among Enlightenment thinkers.

Declaration of Independence

Written by Jefferson; declared colonies independent, listed grievances.

Articles of Confederation

First U.S. government; weak central power, strong states.

Continental Army

Colonial army led by Washington, united the colonies

American Revolution

War for independence from Britain.

Battle of Saratoga

Turning point; U.S. victory convinced France to ally.

Battle of Yorktown

Final major battle; British surrender.

Treaty of Paris

Ended Revolution; recognized U.S. independence, set boundaries.

John Adams

Federalist president; faced XYZ Affair, Alien & Sedition Acts.

Republican Motherhood

Idea that women should educate children in republican values.

Abigail Adams

Advocated for women’s rights (“remember the ladies”) in letter to John Adams.

Alexander Hamilton

Federalist leader, first Treasury Secretary; promoted strong central gov’t & Bank of U.S.

Federalists

Supported Constitution; wanted strong central government.

Anti-Federalists

Opposed Constitution; feared strong government, demanded Bill of Rights.

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Set rules for admitting new states, banned slavery in Northwest Territory.

Shay’s Rebellion

Farmer uprising in MA against taxes; showed weakness of Articles.

James Madison

Father of Constitution, Federalist Papers author, 4th U.S. president.

Virginia Plan

Large-state proposal for proportional representation in Congress.

New Jersey Plan

Small-state proposal for equal representation in Congress.

The Great Compromise

Combined plans; created bicameral Congress (Senate = equal, House = population).

Three-Fifths Compromise

Counted enslaved persons as 3/5 for representation/taxes.

Bill of Rights

First 10 amendments; protected individual liberties.

The Federalist Papers

Essays by Hamilton, Madison, Jay defending Constitution.

Bank of the United States

Hamilton’s idea; created national bank for credit/stability.

Democratic-Republicans

Led by Jefferson; favored states’ rights, agrarian economy.

Proclamation of Neutrality

Washington declared U.S. neutral in European wars.

Jay Treaty

With Britain; resolved trade issues, angered Democratic-Republicans.

Whiskey Rebellion

PA farmers rebelled against whiskey tax; crushed by Washington, showed gov’t strength.

Pinckney Treaty

With Spain; gave U.S. navigation rights on Mississippi River.

Daniel Boone

Frontiersman, explored Kentucky, symbol of westward expansion.

Washington’s Farewell Address

Warned against political parties and foreign entanglements.

XYZ Affair

French diplomats demanded bribes from U.S.; led to Quasi-War.

Alien & Sedition Acts

Restricted immigration and criticism of government; opposed by Republicans.

Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions

Jefferson and Madison’s response; argued states could nullify unconstitutional federal laws.