vocabulary from the book 1984 by george orwell

the clocks were stricking thirteen

The phrase "the clocks were striking thirteen" is famously used in the opening line of George Orwell's novel 1984. It sets an ominous and surreal tone for the dystopian world Orwell creates. Here's what it can signify:

1. Unfamiliarity and Disruption: In most contexts, clocks don't strike thirteen because traditional clocks are based on a 12-hour system. The phrase implies that something is amiss in the world—a distortion of normalcy.

2. Dystopian Atmosphere: The unusual event suggests a setting where traditional logic or norms no longer apply, which aligns with the themes of control, surveillance, and manipulation in the novel.

3. Symbolism of Authority and Time: It could also signify the control over time and truth in Orwell's world. If the state dictates that clocks strike thirteen, then that becomes the accepted reality, even if it's illogical.

4. Foreboding Tone: This phrase immediately gives a sense of tension and unease, preparing the reader for the unsettling nature of the society described in the book.

his chin nuzzled to his breast

مداعب / nuzzled

The phrase "his chin nuzzled to his breast" describes a physical posture in which someone's chin is resting close to their chest, often suggesting a few possible connotations depending on the context:

1. Defensive or Protective Posture: This position can suggest a sense of withdrawal, shyness, or introspection, as it physically makes the person appear smaller and more closed off.

2. Fatigue or Weakness: It might indicate weariness, as letting the chin drop to the chest can be a natural response to exhaustion or defeat.

3. Thoughtfulness or Pensive Mood: The posture could symbolize deep thought or contemplation, as people sometimes adopt this stance when lost in serious or reflective thoughts.

4. Cold or Inclement Weather: In some contexts, it might indicate the person trying to shield themselves from the cold by tucking their head closer to their body for warmth.

5. Sadness or Submission: The gesture can also imply sadness, dejection, or a sense of surrender, especially if combined with other descriptions of body language.

the vile wind

The phrase "the vile wind" evokes a sense of disgust or malevolence associated with the wind. The specific connotation depends on the context, but here are some possible interpretations:

1. Unpleasant Weather: It might refer to a wind that is harsh, cold, or otherwise unpleasant, making the environment uncomfortable or hostile.

2. Symbol of Evil or Malice: The word "vile" suggests moral corruption or wickedness, so the wind could metaphorically represent an evil force or an ominous presence.

3. Physical Discomfort: It could imply that the wind carries something repugnant, such as foul smells, dust, or debris, creating a sense of physical repulsion.

4. Foreshadowing: In a literary context, a "vile wind" might foreshadow something bad about to happen, setting a tone of foreboding or tension.

5. Inner Emotional State: The wind could reflect the feelings or mood of a character—turmoil, anger, or disgust projected onto the external environment.

swirl of gritty dust

The phrase "swirl of gritty dust" can be translated into Arabic as:

دوامة من الغبار الرملي (Dawamat min al-ghubar al-ramli)
or
دوامة من الغبار الخشن (Dawamat min al-ghubar al-khashin).

Meaning:

1. Swirl: Refers to a circular, spinning motion, suggesting movement and chaos.

   • In this context, it implies dust being lifted and spun around by the wind.

2. Gritty Dust: Describes the texture of the dust as coarse, rough, or sandy.

   • This can evoke discomfort, dryness, or harshness, often associated with arid or windy environments.

Overall Interpretation:

A "swirl of gritty dust" typically describes a scene in a dry, windy area where dust and sand are carried into the air, creating a swirling motion. It suggests a harsh or desolate atmosphere, possibly symbolizing discomfort, chaos, or a hostile environment. It’s a vivid, sensory phrase that can set a tone of unease or rawness in descriptive writing.

boiled cabbage

The phrase "boiled cabbage" can be translated into Arabic as:
كرنب مسلوق (Karnab maslooq)
or
ملفوف مسلوق (Malfoof maslooq).

Meaning:

1. Literal Meaning: It refers to cabbage that has been cooked by boiling in water. It’s a common cooking method that softens the cabbage and gives it a distinct, often strong smell.

2. Symbolic or Connotative Meaning:

   • Plain or Simple: Boiled cabbage can symbolize something basic or unadorned, as it is a straightforward way to prepare food.

   • Unpleasant Smell: In some contexts, boiled cabbage is associated with a strong or pungent odor, which might evoke a sense of discomfort or unpleasantness, especially if used metaphorically.

   • Humility or Poverty: Historically, boiled cabbage might symbolize modest or frugal living, as it is a common and inexpensive food.

old rag mats

The phrase "old rag mats" can be translated into Arabic as:
حصائر قديمة من الخرق (Hisair qadeemah min al-khuraq)
or
سجاد قديم من الأسمال (Sijad qadeem min al-asmaal).

Meaning:

1. Literal Meaning:

   • Old: Indicates the mats are worn out or aged.

   • Rag: Refers to the mats being made of scraps or pieces of fabric, often patched together.

   • Mats: Flat coverings usually placed on floors for practical or decorative purposes.

2. Symbolic or Connotative Meaning:

   • Poverty or Neglect: "Old rag mats" can symbolize a setting of poverty, as they imply the use of cheap or recycled materials due to limited resources.

   • Humility: These mats might represent simplicity or a modest lifestyle.

   • Decay or Wear: Their old and ragged nature can evoke feelings of deterioration, abandonment, or a lack of care.

ruggedly

The word "ruggedly" can be translated into Arabic as:
بخشونة (Bikhushunah)
or
بقوة وصلابة (Biquwah wa salabah), depending on the context.

Meaning:

1. Physical Toughness or Roughness:

   • Describes something or someone as having a rough, uneven, or coarse quality, often associated with resilience or natural strength.

   • Example: A ruggedly handsome face might have strong, rough features.

2. Endurance or Strength:

   • Suggests a hardy, durable, or unrefined nature, as in someone who lives or works in challenging conditions.

3. Harshness or Crudeness:

   • Can also mean done in a crude or raw manner, lacking smoothness or refinement.

Usage in Context:

• Nature or Landscape: "Ruggedly beautiful" refers to the beauty of a harsh or untamed landscape (e.g., mountains or cliffs).

  • Arabic: جمال طبيعي بخشونة (Jamal tabi’i bikhushunah).

• Personality or Appearance: When describing a person, "ruggedly" might highlight their tough or masculine qualities.

  • Arabic: بشكل خشن وجذاب (Bishakl khashin wa jadhab).

electric current

The phrase "electric current" can be translated into Arabic as:
التيار الكهربائي (Al-tayyar al-kahraba'i).

Meaning:

1. Scientific Definition:

   • It refers to the flow of electric charge, typically through a conductor like a wire. It is measured in amperes (A) and can be either direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC).

2. Practical Usage:

   • Electric current powers devices, lights, and machines in everyday life. It is the foundation of modern electrical and electronic systems.

3. Symbolic or Figurative Use:

   • Occasionally, it can be used metaphorically to describe something dynamic, powerful, or energetic, akin to the flow of energy.

Would you like more information about how electric current works or its applications?

daylight hours

The phrase "daylight hours" can be translated into Arabic as:
ساعات النهار (Sa'aat al-nahar).

Meaning:

1. Literal Definition:

   • It refers to the period during the day when natural light from the sun is visible, typically from sunrise to sunset.

2. Contextual Uses:

   • Daily Activities: Often used to describe the time available for outdoor work, travel, or activities that depend on natural light.

   • Seasonal Variation: Daylight hours vary with the seasons, being longer in summer and shorter in winter, depending on the region.

hate week

The phrase "Hate Week" is famously used in George Orwell's 1984, where it refers to a specific period in the year when the Party organizes intense propaganda events aimed at fostering hatred against enemies of the state, particularly the enemies of the Party, such as the supposed external enemies or traitors. During Hate Week, citizens are encouraged to express their emotions violently and unconditionally.

Translation in Arabic:

أسبوع الكراهية (Usbu' al-Karahiyah).

Meaning:

1. Intense Propaganda: In Orwell's context, Hate Week is a period where people are systematically manipulated to feel hatred and anger toward a target, usually in a way that serves the interests of the ruling regime. It is a tool for social control and to unify the population against common, often fabricated, enemies.

2. Social and Political Manipulation: The concept represents how authoritarian regimes might use emotions like hate for political power, emphasizing manipulation through media, rituals, and orchestrated events to shape collective feelings.

varicose veins

It seems like you're referring to "varicose veins," but there may have been a typo with "ural." Varicose veins are swollen, twisted veins that usually occur in the legs and feet, where blood flow is impeded due to faulty valves.

If you're referring to something related to "varicose" and "ural," it's possible you're thinking of "varicocele," which is a condition involving varicose veins in the scrotum.

Varicose Veins (in Arabic):

الدوالي الوريدية (Al-dawali al-wareediya).

Varicocele (in Arabic):

دوالي الخصية (Dawali al-khasiya).

Meaning:

1. Varicose Veins:

   • Cause: Often caused by weak or damaged vein valves, leading to blood pooling and vein enlargement.

   • Symptoms: Swelling, pain, heaviness, and visible veins, mostly in the legs.

   • Treatment: Compression stockings, lifestyle changes, or surgical treatments.

2. Varicocele:

   • A varicocele is similar to varicose veins but occurs in the scrotum. It can cause pain, swelling, or fertility issues in some men.

so contrived

The phrase "so contrived" typically describes something that seems artificial, forced, or overly planned, often in a way that feels insincere or lacking in natural flow. It suggests that something has been arranged or constructed in a way that feels unnatural or overly calculated.

Translation in Arabic:

مفبرك للغاية (Mufabbak lilghayah)
or
مصنوع بشكل مفرط (Masnoo' bishakl mufrit).

Meaning:

1. Artificial or Unnatural:

   • It refers to something that appears to be made up, overly rehearsed, or not spontaneous. It might be used to describe a situation, story, behavior, or emotion that feels inauthentic or lacking in genuineness.

2. Forced or Overly Planned:

   • When something is described as "so contrived," it can imply that it was intentionally planned in a way that comes across as overly meticulous or insincere.

3. Example:

   • If a conversation or story feels excessively staged or exaggerated, you might say, "The plot of the movie felt so contrived," meaning it lacked authenticity or realism.

pig iron

Pig iron refers to the crude, basic form of iron that is produced directly from iron ore in a blast furnace. It is called "pig iron" because of its shape—when the iron is poured into molds, it often looks like the form of a pig, with several smaller branches or "pigs" leading off the main ingot. This form of iron is not pure enough for many applications and typically requires further refinement to produce more usable types of iron or steel.

Translation in Arabic:

حديد الخنزير (Hadeed al-khanzir).

Meaning:

1. Crude Iron: Pig iron is the first step in the iron-making process. It's produced by reducing iron ore (usually in the form of iron oxide) with coke and limestone at high temperatures in a blast furnace.

2. Properties: It has a high carbon content, making it brittle and unsuitable for direct use in construction or manufacturing. It often needs further processing (such as casting or refining) to create steel or wrought iron.

3. Usage: Although pig iron itself is not typically used for products, it is the starting material from which various forms of usable iron are derived, including steel.

oblong metal plaque

An "oblong metal plaque" refers to a flat, rectangular or elongated piece of metal, often used for inscriptions, identification, or as a decorative feature. "Oblong" describes a shape that is longer than it is wide, though it doesn’t necessarily have perfectly straight edges like a rectangle—it might have slightly rounded corners or other subtle variations depending on its design.

Translation in Arabic:

لوحة معدنية مستطيلة (Lawhat ma'daniyah mustateelah).

Meaning:

1. Shape and Material:

   • Oblong: A shape that is elongated, usually referring to something rectangular but with emphasis on its longer length compared to its width.

   • Metal: Indicates the material used, which could be steel, bronze, brass, or any other metal, depending on the intended use.

2. Uses:

   • Inscriptions: Often used for engraving names, dates, or messages, such as nameplates, commemorative plaques, or house numbers.

   • Decoration: It could also be used for decorative purposes in architecture or as part of a design in art or interiors.

   • Identification: Metal plaques are sometimes used for labeling or marking specific objects, places, or achievements.

dulled mirror

A "dulled mirror" refers to a mirror whose surface has lost its shine and reflectivity, usually due to wear, oxidation, or damage. Instead of reflecting clearly, a dulled mirror may appear cloudy, scratched, or foggy, and it may not provide a sharp or accurate reflection.

Translation in Arabic:

مرآة باهتة (Mir'aat bahtah)
or
مرآة معتمة (Mir'aat mu'ammah).

Meaning:

1. Loss of Clarity: A dulled mirror no longer functions as it originally did, with the reflection becoming less distinct or blurry due to a reduction in the mirror’s reflective surface quality.

2. Causes:

   • Oxidation: Over time, the backing material of the mirror (often silver or aluminum) can corrode, leading to dullness.

   • Scratches: Physical damage to the mirror surface can cause light distortion, contributing to the dull appearance.

   • Aging or Exposure: Prolonged exposure to moisture, humidity, or harsh cleaning chemicals can also lead to a dull or foggy surface.

3. Symbolic Use: Sometimes, a dulled mirror might symbolize a lack of self-awareness or clarity in literature or metaphorical use.

roughened

The word "roughened" refers to something that has become rough or uneven in texture, often due to physical wear, weathering, or another process that disrupts its smoothness.

Translation in Arabic:

مخشن (Mukhashan)
or
مجعّد (Mujadad).

Meaning:

1. Texture Change:

   • Roughened describes a surface that has become coarse, uneven, or bumpy. This could apply to materials like wood, metal, skin, or stone that have experienced physical abrasion or natural weathering.

2. Processes Leading to Roughness:

   • Wear and Tear: Objects may roughen due to prolonged use or friction.

   • Environmental Factors: Weather conditions, like wind or rain, can roughen surfaces like rocks or skin.

   • Intentional Modification: Sometimes, things are intentionally roughened for aesthetic or functional purposes (e.g., sandpaper used to roughen wood).

3. Figurative Meaning:

   • Toughened or Hardened: "Roughened" can also describe a person or a situation that has become more resilient, harsh, or hardened due to challenges or difficult experiences.

coars soap

The phrase "coarse sop" might be a bit unclear or context-dependent, but let me break it down:

1. Coarse: Refers to something rough in texture or lacking refinement.

   • Arabic: خشن (Khashin).

2. Sop: Usually means a piece of bread or food dipped in liquid (like soup) or something trivial offered to pacify someone.

   • Arabic: كسرة خبز منقوعة (Kasrat khubz manqoo'ah) when referring to bread soaked in liquid.

   • Alternatively, it can mean شيء تافه (Shay' tafih) when referring to a trivial offering.

Combined Meaning:

If we interpret "coarse sop" literally:

• It might mean a rough or unrefined piece of soaked bread, possibly used as food in a humble or crude setting.

• Arabic: كسرة خبز خشنة منقوعة (Kasrat khubz khashinah manqoo'ah).

shedding

first its capital letters

التخلص

أولاً من حروفها الكبيرة

Last night to the flicks.

الليلة الماضية للأفلام

wallowing along

التخبط على طول

a porpoise

خنزير البحر

gunsights

hovering over

تحوم فوق

screaming with fright

الصراخ من الخوف

trying to burrow right into her

محاولة الحفر مباشرة في داخلها

proles

البروليتاريا

Proles

Definition: The term "proles" is short for "proletarians," referring to the working class in a society, particularly in Marxist theory. In George Orwell's dystopian novel "1984," the term is used to describe the majority of the population who are not part of the ruling elite.

Characteristics of Proles:

1. Working Class:

   • Proles are individuals who sell their labor for wages and do not own the means of production.

2. Economic Struggles:

   • They often face economic hardships, including low wages and poor working conditions.

3. Political Disengagement:

   • In "1984," proles are depicted as largely apathetic to political matters, which makes them less of a threat to the totalitarian regime.

Importance in Marxist Theory:

• Revolutionary Potential:

  • Marx viewed the proletariat as the class that could lead a revolution against the bourgeoisie (the capitalist class) to establish a classless society.

• Class Struggle:

  • The conflict between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie is central to Marxist analysis of social dynamics.

In "1984":

• Role in Society:

  • In Orwell's narrative, proles are seen as a large, uneducated segment of the population, often distracted by trivial pursuits, which prevents them from recognizing their oppression.

• Hope for Change:

  • Despite their ignorance, Orwell suggests that the proles might be the key to overthrowing the oppressive regime, as they are numerous and unmonitored.

Conclusion:

Proles represent the working class's struggles and potential for change, both in Marxist theory and in Orwell's cautionary tale about totalitarianism.

nebulous

امض

ghamid

Adjectif​mysteriousfuzzyvagueambiguousoccultnebulousAfficher le dictionnaire

Autres traductions

Tout réduire

Résultat de traduction

ضبابي

dababi

star_border

Adjectif​hazyfoggymistyvaporousnebuloussloppyAfficher le dictionnaire

A giant nebulous glow

توهج ضبابي عملاق

Résultat de traduction

غائم

ghayim

star_border

Adjectif​cloudyblearyhazydullclouded overnebulousAfficher le dictionnaire

Résultat de traduction

سديمي

sadimi

star_border

Adjectif​mistynebulousAfficher le dictionnaire

Résultat de traduction

غير واضح

ghayr wadih

star_border

Adjectif​unclearindistinctindefiniteinconspicuousvaguenebulous

cubicles

حجرات صغيرة

corridors

الممرات

spanner

مفتاح إنجليزي clé à molette

A narrow scarlet sash,

emblem

شريط قرمزي ضيق،

شعار

bigoted

adherents of the Party

المتعصبين

مناصري الحزب

slogans

شعارات

the amateur spies and nosers - out of unorthodoxy

الجواسيس الهواة والمتطفلون – خارج نطاق العقيدة التقليدية

unorthodoxy

غير تقليدية

black terror.

الرعب الاسود

dim idea

فكرة باهتة

burly man

رجل قوي البنية

a coarse man

khashn

Adjectif​roughcoarsejaggedgrufftoughraucousAfficher le dictionnaire

Autres traductions

Tout réduire

Résultat de traduction

غليظ

ghaliz

star_border

Adjectif​thickstodgycoarseungainlyhoarserusticAfficher le dictionnaire

Résultat de traduction

رديء

radi'

star_border

Adjectif​poorbadeviltackyillcoarseAfficher le dictionnaire

Résultat de traduction

غير مصقول

ghayr masqul

star_border

Adjectif​unpolishedrobustunvarnishedunfinishedclumsycoarseAfficher le dictionnaire

Résultat de traduction

جلف

jalaf

star_border

Adjectif​coarserudecruderoughbluntgruffAfficher le dictionnaire

Résultat de traduction

فظ

fz

star_border

Adjectif​rudegrossroughcrudebluntcoarse

resettling his spectacles on his nose

إعادة وضع نظارته على أنفه

disarming

نزع السلاح

He felt deeply drawn to him, and not solely because he was intrigued

لقد شعر بانجذاب عميق نحوه، وليس فقط لأنه كان مفتونًا به

glanced at his wrist-watch, saw that it was nearly eleven hundred,

The phrase "glanced at his wrist-watch, saw that it was nearly eleven hundred" describes a moment where someone quickly checks the time on their wristwatch and notices that it is close to 11:00 AM or 11:00 PM (depending on the context).

Breakdown:

• Glanced:

  • Means to look quickly or briefly, suggesting a casual or hurried action.

• Wrist-watch:

  • A timepiece worn on the wrist, indicating the person is checking the time without needing to pull out a phone or clock.

• Nearly eleven hundred:

  • Refers to the time being close to 11:00. In military time, "eleven hundred" means 11:00 AM.

Contextual Use:

This phrase could be part of a narrative in a story, conveying a sense of urgency or the passage of time. It might suggest that the character has an appointment, deadline, or event they are preparing for.

Example in a Sentence:

• "He glanced at his wrist-watch, saw that it was nearly eleven hundred, and hurried out the door to make it on time."

If you have a specific context or further questions about this phrase, feel free to ask!

sandy-haired woman

امرأة ذات شعر رملي

hideous

بشع

grinding speech

Meaning of "Grinding Speech"

Definition: "Grinding speech" typically refers to a style of speaking or communication that is monotonous, tedious, or lacking in enthusiasm. It can also imply a speech that is overly detailed or technical, making it difficult for the audience to stay engaged.

monstrous

وحشي

bristled

ذو شعر خشن

a squeak of mingled fear

صرخة من الخوف المختلط

backslider

عاصي منحرف

the renegade

Meaning of "Renegade"

Definition: The term "renegade" refers to a person who abandons a particular group, cause, or set of principles, often in favor of opposing beliefs or actions. It can also imply a sense of rebellion or defiance against established norms or authorities.

• Rebel

• المارق

treacheries

الخيانة

heresies

بدع

sprang directly out of his teaching

انبثقت مباشرة من تعليمه

hatching his conspiracies:

يفقس مؤامراته

The term "hatching" can have multiple meanings depending on the context. Here are the primary interpretations:

1.Biological Context:

• Definition: Refers to the process of an egg breaking open to allow a young animal to emerge.

• Example: "The chicks began hatching from their eggs in the warm sunlight."

2.Art and Design:

• Definition: A technique used in drawing or painting to create shading or texture by drawing closely spaced parallel lines.

• Example: "The artist used hatching to add depth to the illustration."

3.Game Development:

• Definition: In gaming, it can refer to the process of creating or spawning new characters or items.

• Example: "The game features a hatching mechanic where players can raise and hatch creatures."

4.Figurative Use:

• Definition: Can refer to the development or emergence of ideas or plans.

• Example: "The team was hatching a new strategy for the upcoming project."

If you need further details or examples for a specific context, let me know!

paymasters

أصحاب الرواتب

constricted

مضيق

fuzzy

vague

aureole

aura

inherently despicable

حقير بطبيعته

senile

خرف

شيخوخي

perched

The term "perched" refers to being situated or resting in a high or elevated position. It often conveys a sense of balance, precariousness, or readiness.

Key Points:

1. Literal Meaning:

   • Commonly used to describe birds or animals that are sitting on a branch, ledge, or other elevated surfaces.

   • Example: "The bird was perched on a tree branch, watching for insects."

2. Figurative Use:

   • Can describe people or objects in a high or prominent position, sometimes suggesting a temporary or unstable situation.

   • Example: "She perched on the edge of her seat, eager to hear the announcement."

3. Connotation:

   • The word often implies alertness or readiness, as if the subject is poised to take action.

Example Sentences:

• "The cat was perched on the windowsill, observing the world outside."

• "He perched himself on the stool to get a better view of the presentation."

If you have a specific context or need further information, feel free to ask!

perverse

منحرف

plausible

منحرف

denouncing

إدانة

The term "denouncing" refers to the act of publicly declaring something to be wrong or evil. It involves expressing strong disapproval or condemnation of an action, behavior, or individual.

Key Points:

1. Definition:

   • To denounce is to criticize or reject something openly and forcefully.

   • Often involves moral or ethical judgment.

polysyllabic speech

خطاب متعدد المقاطع

parody

محاكاة ساخرة

the orators

الخطباء

claptrap

هراء

dull

tedious, monotonous

tramp

متشرد, vagabond

bleating voice

صوت ناعس

totalitarianism

A political system in which the state holds total authority over society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life.

dystopia

A fictional society that is frightening and controlled, often characterized by oppressive societal control and the illusion of a perfect society.

propaganda

Information, especially biased or misleading nature, used to promote a political cause or point of view.

surveillance

Close observation, especially of a suspected spy or criminal, often utilized in totalitarian regimes to control and monitor citizens.

censorship

The suppression of speech, public communication, or other information, often implemented by governments or institutions to control the narrative.

repression

The act of subduing someone or something by force, often related to the control of a population by an authoritarian government.

individualism

A social theory advocating the moral worth of the individual, often in contrast to collectivist ideologies.

socialism

A political and economic theory advocating that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

revolution

A forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system, often involving a significant change in power structures.

utopia

An imagined place or state of things in which everything is perfect, often used to contrast with dystopian societies.