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Ptolemy
Hellenized Egyptian who most astronomical knowledge was based on until the Scientific Revolution. (Earth was the center of the universe)
Nicholas Copernicus
Polish astronomer who proposed the heliocentric theory in the 16th century.
Tycho Brahe
Danish astronomer who built on the heliocentric theory, but could not prove it mathematically.
Johannes Kepler
German scientist who proposed the three laws of planetary motion.
Galileo Galilei
Italian astronomer who drew astronomical conclusions based on telescope observation, and theorized about what governs motion on earth.
Issac Newton
English scientist who proved universal laws of motion (gravitation) using mathematics.