Fluid and Electrolytes Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes about fluid and electrolytes.

Specific Gravity Assessment

Assessment of specific gravity allows the nurse to assess fluid volume status.

Hypermagnesemia

High magnesium levels can cause diminished deep tendon reflexes.

Third Spacing

Third spacing can cause hypovolemia.

Hyperventilation

Hyperventilation is the most common cause of acute respiratory alkalosis.

IV Infiltration

Edema and coolness around an IV insertion site indicates infiltration.

Skin Turgor in Elderly

Inelastic skin turgor is a normal part of aging.

Osmosis and Osmolality

Hypertonic solutions increase the number of dissolved particles, shifting fluids into capillaries and increasing blood volume; this is known as osmosis and osmolality.

Hypocalcemia Signs

Tingling in the lips and fingers, spasm in the wrist and hand, and increased muscle tone are signs of hypocalcemia.

Kidney Function in pH Balance

The kidneys reabsorb and regenerate bicarbonate to maintain a stable pH.

Pyloric Stenosis Complication

Pyloric stenosis with nasogastric suction can cause metabolic alkalosis due to potassium loss.

IV Site Care

Ensure that IV tubing is firmly anchored to the client's skin.

Respiratory Acidosis

arterial blood gas values: pH 7.21, PaCO2 64 mm Hg, HCO3 24 mm Hg, indicates Respiratory Acidosis.

Fluid Challenge Purpose

Intervention to distinguish reduced renal blood flow from decreased renal function.

Fluid Intake and Confusion

Limiting fluids can create imbalances that can result in confusion.

Sympathetic Reaction Effect

Stimulation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system resulting in diminished urine output.

Hydrochlorothiazide Nursing Action

Sufficient potassium intake reduces the risk for electrolyte disturbances with hydrochlorothiazide.

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Release

Increased serum sodium causes the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Diffusion

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the pulmonary capillaries and the alveoli.

Water and Electrolyte Movement

Hydrostatic pressure resulting from the pumping action of the heart causes this to occur.

Sympathetic Stimulation Effect

Decrease in glomerular filtration.

Renal System Injury

The serum creatinine level indicates issue in this body system.

Infiltration Concern

Extravasation of the medication is the priority concern.

Low Potassium Sign

Paresthesias indicate that the client's potassium level is too low.

Lung cancer with bone metastases

Weakness with abdominal pain, likely has a fluid volume deficit may be experiencing hypercalcemia.

The role of the kidneys in metabolic acidosis

The kidneys excrete hydrogen ions and conserve bicarbonate ions to help restore balance.

Respiratory Acidosis Diagnosis

Guillain–Barré syndrome diagnosis can cause inadequate ventilation.

Administer Electrolyte-free water

Electrolyte-free water intravenously if it rapidly enters red blood cells, causing them to rupture.

Dehydration Phenomenon in Older Adults

Decreased kidney mass, decreased renal blood flow and decreased excretion of potassium.

Hyperchloremia

Tachypneic, lethargic, weak, and exhibiting a diminished cognitive ability and identifies 3+ pitting edema means.

Anion Gap Acidosis

Excessive administration of chloride.

Total Parenteral Nutrition

Clients receiving TPN are at risk for hypercalcemia if calories are started too rapidly.

High Phosphate Diet

Milk, Beef and Liver.

Shallow Respirations

Finding if there is a secondary diagnosis of hypermagnesemia.

Bananas

Increasing intake for potassium.

Hypocalcemia

Positive Chvostek sign occur.

arterial blood gas test reveals the following results: pH 7.28, PaCO2 50 mm Hg, HCO3 – 20 mEq/L.

Respiratoy and Metabolic Acidosis disorder can occur.