Human Geo Exam 2

Folk culture

Culture with local materials, knowledge, and environments, handmade and less susceptible to change over time.

Pop culture

Culture that is continuously reinvented with materials sourced globally, expert knowledge, and rapid changes over time.

Globalization of pop culture

The blending of styles and genres from different regions, leading to a shared global culture.

Material culture

Physical or tangible objects made or used by members of a group.

Non-material culture

Beliefs, values, ideologies, and practices representative of a group.

Commodification of culture

Turning cultural elements into goods/services in a market-driven economy, often diluting their original meaning.

Lingua franca

A language used to facilitate communication between people who do not share a native language.

Dialect

Different versions of the same basic language, exemplified by variations like 'you all' vs. 'ya'll'.

Isogloss

A boundary that separates regions where different language uses predominate.

Universalizing religion

A religion that seeks converts and aims to be universal, such as Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism.

Ethnic religion

A religion associated with a single group, such as Hinduism or Judaism.

Syncretic religions

Religions that emerge from blending different religious practices and beliefs, like Sikhism.

Centrifugal forces

Forces that divide a state, such as ethnic conflict or economic disparity.

Centripetal forces

Forces that unite a state, like ethnic unity or shared heritage.

Gerrymandering

The process of redrawing legislative boundaries to benefit a particular political party.

LDCs (Less Developed Countries)

Countries often facing high fertility rates, gender imbalances, and barriers to education for women.

Gender norms

Societal expectations dictating the roles and behaviors of different genders.

Maternal mortality rates

The rate at which women die from pregnancy-related causes, often higher in LDCs.

Political participation

The involvement of individuals in political processes, often limited for women due to various barriers.

Gender stereotypes

Prejudgments or biases based on gender, often limiting opportunities and roles for individuals.

Devolution

The transfer of power from a central government to regional or local governments.

Stateless nations

Groups of people with a shared cultural heritage who do not have a sovereign state of their own.

Compact state

A state where the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly, facilitating communication.

Fragmented state

A state consisting of several discontinuous pieces of territory, which may hinder governance and cohesion.

Superimposed boundary

A boundary imposed by an outside force, often disregarding existing cultural divisions.

Subsequent boundary

A boundary established after cultural landscapes have developed, reflecting existing cultural differences.

Antecedent boundary

A boundary created before the present-day cultural landscape developed.

Geometric boundary

A boundary created using lines of latitude and longitude.

Effects of colonialism on language

Imposition of colonial languages leading to the widespread adoption of languages like English and Spanish.

Positive effects of linguistic diversity

Cultural enrichment, economic opportunities, and enhancing trade through multilingual populations.

Challenges of linguistic diversity

Communication barriers, political fragmentation, and language endangerment.

Cultural landscapes

Areas that reflect the cultural practices and adaptations of human populations.

ethnic neighborhood

areas within cities that have a concentration of a particular ethnic group

ethnic enclave

areas where large groups of people share a common ethnicity

ethnoburb

a suburban area with a strong ethnic concentration

ghetto

any urban place where a group is forced to live due to discriminatory housing practices

branch

large fundamental division within a religion

denomination

division of a branch that unites congregations into a single administrative body