AP Psych Unit 7 Vocab

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Basal metabloic rate

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56 Terms

1

Basal metabloic rate

the body’s resting rate of energy expenditure

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2

Cannon Brad Theory

the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotion

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3

Collective Unconscious

the concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species’ history

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4

Collectivism

giving priority to the goals of one’s group (often one’s extended family or work group) and defining one’s identity accordingly

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5

Defense Mechanism

the ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

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6

Drive-reduction theory

the idea that a psychological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

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7

Ego

the largely conscious, “executive” part of personality that meditates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality

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8

Emotion

a response of the whole organism, involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience

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9

Empirically derived test

a test (such as the MMPI) developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups

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10

Estrogens

sex hormones secreted in greater amounts by females than by males and contributing to female sex characteristics

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11

Facial Feedback effect

the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness

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12

False Consensus effect

the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors

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13

Fixation

A lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved

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14

Free Association

a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing

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15

General Adaptation Syndrome

(GAS) concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases-  alarm, resistance, exhaustion

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16

Hierarchy of needs

Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with psychological needs that must first be satisfied before before reaching a higher level of needs

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17

Homeostasis

a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry

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18

Id

a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that strives to be satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives

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19

Identification

the process by which children incorporate their parents’ values into their developing superegos

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20

Incentive

a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

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21

Individualism

giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes

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22

Instinct

a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

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23

James-Lange Theory

the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli

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24

MMPI

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory; the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests

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25

Motivation

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

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26

Narcissism

excessive self love and self-absorption

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27

Oedipus Complex

a boy’s sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father

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28

Personality

an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

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29

Personality Inventory

a questionnaire on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors

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30

Projective Test

a personality test that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one’s inner dynamics

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31

Psychoanalysis

theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts

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32

Psychophysiological illness

literally, “mind-body” illness; stress related physical illness

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33

Psychosexual stages

the childhood stages of development during which id’s pleasure seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones

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34

Reciprical determinism

the interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment

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35

Repression

the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories

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36

Rorscharch inkblot test

a set of 10 inkblots that seek to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots

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37

Self

the center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions

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38

Self-actualization

the motivation to fulfill someone’s potential; One of Maslow’s needs after self-esteem

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39

Self-efficacy

one’s sense of competence and effectiveness

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40

Self-esteem

one’s feelings of high or low self worth

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41

Self-Serving Bias

a readiness to perceive oneself favorably

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42

Set Point

the point at which an individual’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set

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43

Sexual Dysfunction

a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning

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44

Sexual response cycle

the four stages of sexual responding: excitement

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45

Spotlight Effect

overestimating others’ noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders

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46

Stress

the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging

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47

Superego

the part of personality that represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment and for future aspirations

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48

Tend and Befriend response

under stress, people often provide support to others and bond with and seek support from others

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49

Terror Management Theory

a theory of death related anxiety people’s emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death

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50

Thematic Apperception Test

a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

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51

Trait

a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act

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52

Two Factor Theory

the theory that to to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal

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53

Type A

competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger prone people

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54

Type B

easygoing relaxed people

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55

Unconditional positive regard

a caring, accepting, non-judgemental attitude

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56

Yerkes Dodson Law

the principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond performance decreases

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