Glycolysis

Glycolysis (“Sugar-Splitting) is the catabolic process that begins to?

Release energy from glucose molecules

The enzyme, ___ splits the ___ -carbon carbohydrate molecule into ___, ___ -carbon carbohydrates during Glycolysis

Aldolase

Six

Two, three

Glycolysis consists of ___ sequential enzymatic reactions in the ___

10; Cytosol

Cells can immediately import Glycolysis after what?

Cells import glucose

In the sequential enzymatic reactions, the product of the first glycolytic enzyme becomes ___ for the second enzyme.

Substrate

What two enzymes perform the reactions for the Energy-Investment Phase of Glycolysis?

Hexokinase & Phosphofructokinase

During the Energy-Investment Phase reactions of Glycolysis, the two enzymes Hexokinase & Phosphofructokinase (PFK) require ___ as a substrate.

ATP

During the Energy-Investment Phase reactions of Glycolysis, the two enzymes Hexokinase & Phosphofructokinase (PFK) each add at ___ group from ATP to the ___ carbohydrate

PO4

6-Carbon

Phosphorylation during the Energy-Investment Phase

___ Glucose in the cell

Enables the ___ of glucose into the Cytosol by ___ ___

Retains

Import, facilitated diffusion

The ___ ___ ____ reactions of Glycolysis produces three types of energy-rich molecules.

Energy Payoff Phase

The Catabolism of 1 glucose molecule by the energy-payoff phase reactions produces…

4 ATP Molecules

2 NADH molecules

2 Pyruvate Molecules

The energy investment reactions consume ___ ATP, so the net gain is ___ ATP

2;2

What two enzymes make ATP by “Substrate-Level Phosphorylation?”

Phosphoglycerokinase & Pyruvate Kinase

In “Substrate-level phosphorylation,” the enzymes Phosphoglycerokinase & Pyruvate Kinase enable the active site to transfer a ___ group from the carbohydrate substrate to ___ to make ___

PO4; ADP, ATP

The Energy-Investment Phase Reactions

Consume ___ molecules

___ glucose in the cell

Enable facilitated diffusion to continue ___ glucose

2 ATP

Retain

Importing

What do cells control to regulate Glycolysis?

Phosphofructokinase (PFK)

The stimulation of Phosphofructokinase (PFK) ___ ATP Synthesis while its inhibition ___ ATP Synthesis

Increases; Decreases

If there are low ATP levels, PFK activity will be ___, and if there are high ATP levels, PFK activities will be ___

Stimulated, Inhibited

Glycolysis rates are 100x-200x higher in…

Cancer cells

The higher rates of glycolysis in cancer cells is called what?

The Warburg Effect

Cancer cells use glycolysis to produce the ___ ___ required to enable their rapid mitotic cell division

Building Blocks (Substrates)

Drugs that ___ glycolytic enzymes could treat cancer

Inhibit