Ch 5-8 A Graphic Renaissance Lec Notes

Pictograph

A symbol or picture that represents a word or concept.

Ideograph

A symbol or character that represents an idea or concept.

Sumerian

Referring to the ancient civilization of Sumer, located in Mesopotamia.

Cuneiform

A system of writing used by the Sumerians, consisting of wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets.

Rebus

A representation of words or syllables using pictures or symbols.

Epic of Gilgamesh

An important literary work from ancient Mesopotamia.

Hieroglyphics

A system of writing used by the ancient Egyptians, consisting of pictorial symbols.

Book of the Dead

An important Egyptian funerary text.

Rosetta Stone

A stone slab inscribed with a decree in three scripts, including hieroglyphics, which helped in deciphering ancient Egyptian writing.

Phoenician Alphabet

An early alphabet consisting of 22 characters, which served as the ancestor of the Arabic and Hebrew alphabets.

Greek Alphabet

The alphabet used in ancient Greece, which added vowels and introduced the left-to-right writing direction.

Roman Alphabet

The alphabet used in ancient Rome, which evolved from the Greek alphabet and added additional letters.

Calligraphy

The art of beautiful handwriting, often associated with Asian cultures.

Woodblock Printing

A printing technique where images or text are carved into a wooden block and then printed onto paper.

Chiaku-wen

An early form of Chinese writing known as "bone-and-shell" script.

Chin-wen

An ancient form of Chinese writing known as "bronze" script.

Li-shu

A style of Chinese calligraphy also called "clerical" style.

Chen-shu

Another style of Chinese calligraphy, also known as "regular" style.

Ts'ai Lun

A Chinese inventor credited with the invention of papermaking.

Hangul

The Korean alphabet, consisting of 14 consonants and 10 vowels.

Typography

The art and technique of arranging type to make written language readable and visually appealing.

Xylography

The relief printing technique using a raised surface, often made of wood.

Assembly-line division of labor

A production method where different tasks are assigned to specialized workers to increase efficiency.

Watermarks

Designs or patterns embedded in paper during the papermaking process for identification or decorative purposes.1. Trademarks:Symbols used as identity symbols for craftsmen, papermills, and religious subjects.

Relief printing

A printing technique where the image is raised from the surface to be printed.

Woodblock printing

A printing technique where a relief image is carved into a wooden block and then inked and pressed onto paper.

Block books

Picture books with religious themes and brief text, where each page is cut from a single block of wood.

Typographic printing

Printing using movable type, where individual metal type pieces are arranged to form words and sentences.

Copperplate engraving

A printing technique involving scratching an image into a smooth metal plate, applying ink, and pressing paper against the plate to receive the image.

Colophon

A printer's trademark and date of publication found at the end of a printed book.

Movable type

Individual letters or words that can be rearranged and reused for printing.

Incunabula

Rare books published in the early 1500s, referring to books printed between Gutenberg's invention of typography and the end of the fifteenth century.

Ex libris

A bookplate pasted into the front of a book to identify its owner.1. Printing Press:A machine used for printing text or images, which revolutionized the production of books and other printed materials.

Incunabula

The period of early printing from the invention of the printing press to the end of the 15th century.

Ephemera

Printed materials, such as pamphlets and broadsides, that are meant to be short-lived or temporary.

Broadsides

Single-leaf pages printed on one side, which eventually evolved into printed posters, advertisements, and newspapers.

Woodcut

A printmaking technique in which an image is carved into a block of wood and then printed.

Albrect Dürer

A prolific and respected illustrator in the early 1500s, known for his detailed woodcuts and influence on the Renaissance in Germany.

Rhinoceros

An illustration by Albrect Dürer that became one of the most notable and historically significant illustrations of its time.

Broadside

A single piece of paper printed on one side, used for advertising, proclaiming beliefs, and other purposes.

Blackletter Typography

A style of typography characterized by dense visual "texture" and often associated with religious holidays and gothic themes.

Renaissance

A period of cultural and artistic rebirth that marked the transition from medieval to the modern world.

Nicolas Jenson

One of history's greatest typeface designers, known for designing and publishing numerous books and creating outstanding Greek and Gothic fonts.

Logo Design

The art of creating a visual symbol or mark to represent a brand or company.

Typeface

A particular design of type, including the shape and style of the characters.

Publishing Advancements

Innovations and developments in the field of publishing, including the use of floral decoration and collaboration between typographic printers and illuminators.1. Renaissance humanism:A philosophy of human dignity and worth that emphasized the potential and value of humans, promoting the use of reason and scientific inquiry.

Aldus Manutius

A notable humanist and scholar who established the Aldine Press in Venice, known for publishing major works of great thinkers.

Pocket book

A smaller and more economical book format, pioneered by Aldus Manutius with the first edition of Vergil's Opera.

Francesco da Bologna (Griffo)

The designer of the italic typeface, whose style is still used today as the book text face Bembo.

Typographic book

A book printed with type, which underwent design innovations during the Renaissance, including the title page, roman and italic type, printed page numbers, and layout of illustrations with type.

Golden Age of French Typography

The sixteenth century, known for producing books of fine proportions, legibility, typography, and ornamentation in France.

Geoffroy Tory

A professor, scholar, translator, poet, author, publisher, printer, calligrapher, designer, illustrator, and engraver who played a significant role in developing a uniquely French Renaissance school of book design and illustration.

Champ Fleury

Geoffroy Tory's influential work, published in 1529, which includes a history of roman letters and compares their proportions with the ideal proportions of the human figure and face.

Claude Garamond

A type punch cutter who worked independently of printing firms and designed roman typefaces with extraordinary legibility and beauty, greatly influencing French typography in the 16th century.1. PAVLI IOVII NOVOCOMEN:The author of the book "Vitas duodecim Vicecomitum Mediolani Principum Prafatio."

Mediolani Principum

The twelve vicecomites (princes) of Milan.

Longobardifq

Referring to the Lombards, a Germanic people who ruled over a kingdom in Italy from the 6th to 8th centuries.

Helianora

A proper noun, possibly referring to a person or character in the book.

Iacobus Syluius Ambianus Philiatros

A proper noun, possibly referring to a person or character in the book.

Heriprandi & Galuanii

Proper nouns, possibly referring to people or characters in the book.

Mediolani principem

The prince of Milan.

Claude Garamont

A proper noun, possibly referring to a person or character in the book.

Othonis nepos

A proper noun, possibly referring to a person or character in the book.

Guliermo Montifferrati

A proper noun, possibly referring to a person or character in the book.

Renaissance Graphic Design

The period of graphic design during the 1500s, with Basel and Lyons as major centers.

Johann Frober

Basel's leading printer during the Renaissance.

Desiderius Erasmus

A humanist scholar who collaborated with Johann Frober.

Hans Holbein

An artist who illustrated books for Johann Frober, known for his woodcuts of "The Dance of the Death."

The Dance of the Death

A major theme in visual arts during the Renaissance, depicting skeletons or corpses escorting the living to their graves.

Huguenot

French Protestants who fled to Switzerland, England, and the Low Countries during the religious wars in France.

Stephen Daye

A British locksmith who introduced printing to the New World, specifically in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Reverend Jesse Glover

A wealthy dissenting clergyman who contracted with Stephen Daye to establish a printing press in the New World.

The Whole Book of Psalms

The first book to be designed and printed in the English American colonies.

Copperplate Engraving

A technique of engraving on copper plates that grew in popularity during the 1600s.

Abraham Bosse

An artist known for his combined etching and engraving illustrating plate printers in his printing shop.

Script Letterforms

Letterforms of extreme fineness and delicacy used in copperplate engraving.1. Renaissance Graphic Design:The period of graphic design during the Renaissance, characterized by advancements in printing technology and the establishment of influential printing presses.

da Spira

The first printing press in Venice, established in 1469 by Johannes da Spira.

Jenson's roman typeface

A typeface designed by Nicolas Jenson in 1470, known for its elegance and readability.

Ratdolt

A printer who created the first complete title page in 1476.

Aldine Press

A printing press established by Aldus Manutius in Venice in 1494, known for its production of high-quality books.

Bembo type

A typeface designed by Francesco Griffo for Aldus Manutius in 1495, named after the poet Pietro Bembo.

Italic type

A typeface designed by Francesco Griffo for Aldus Manutius in 1501, characterized by its slanted and cursive appearance.

Leonardo da Vinci

An Italian artist and polymath who painted the famous Mona Lisa in 1503.

Geoffroy Tory

A French designer who returned from Italy in 1505 and influenced French graphic design.

Henry VIII

The king of England from 1509, known for his role in the English Reformation.

Michelangelo

An Italian artist who completed the Sistine Chapel ceiling in 1512.

Martin Luther

A German theologian who launched the Protestant Reformation in 1517.

Magellan

A Portuguese explorer whose expedition circumnavigated the globe in 1522.

Arrighi's writing manual

A manual on writing and calligraphy published by Ludovico degli Arrighi in 1522.

Champ Fleury

A book on typography and ornamentation published by Geoffroy Tory in 1529.

Garamond

A French type designer who established an independent type foundry around 1530.

Plantin

A printer who established his press in Antwerp in 1555.

Granjon

A French type designer known for his Civilit type, created around 1557.

Polyglot Bible

A Bible printed by Christophe Plantin between 1569 and 1572, featuring multiple languages.

Mercator

A cartographer who made significant contributions to modern cartography in 1569.

Shakespeare

An English playwright who wrote Romeo and Juliet in 1594.

Cervantes

A Spanish writer who wrote Don Quixote in 1605.

Weekly Newes

The first English newspaper, published in 1621.

Stephen Daye

A printer who published the Whole Booke of Psalmes in 1640.

Schipper

A printer who published Calvin's Commentary in 1667.

Bach

A composer who wrote the Brandenburg Concertos in 1721.