UGI

Accessory organs

Include salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder

Alimentary canal

Consists of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine

Aortic arch

Two indentions of the esophagus are made by the ____ and the left primary bronchus.

Barium swallow

Esophagram or ____ is a study of the pharynx and esophagus.

Cardiac antrum

Abdominal portion of the esophagus measuring about 1-2 cm

Deglutition

The act of swallowing

Distal esophagus

The descending thoracic aorta is between the ____ and the lower thoracic spine

Epiglottis

Seals off the opening into the larynx during swallowing

Esophageal hiatus

Opening in the diaphragm for the esophagus at the level of T10

Esophagogastric junction

Also known as the cardiac orifice is the opening of the esophagus into the stomach

Esophagus

Located posterior to the larynx and trachea

Esophagus

Muscular canal extending from C5-6 to T11

Functions

Intake, digestion, absorption, and elimination are the ____ of the digestive system.
Fundus

Fundus

The superior portion of the stomach

Heart

Located posterior to the sternum and anterior to the esophagus

Laryngopharynx

Extends from the epiglottis to the lower border of the larynx

Mastication

Chewing or a type of mechanical digestion

Nasopharynx

Posterior to the nasal septum

Oral cavity

Consists of the teeth, hard and soft palates, uvula, and tongue

Oropharynx

Located directly behind the oral cavity proper and extends from the soft palate to the epiglottis

Parotid

Salivary gland near the ear that has Stensen's duct

Peristalsis

Wave-like involuntary muscular contractions that propel materials through the alimentary canal

Pharynx

Seven cavities or openings communicate with the ____.
Pharynx

Pharynx

Known as the throat, serves the digestive and respiratory systems

Pyloric orifice

Lower opening of the stomach into the small bowel
Pylorus

Pylorus

Lower portion of the stomach consisting of the pyloric antrum and the pyloric canal

Rugae

Gastric folds of the stomach that allow for expansion

Salivary glands

Secrete saliva that begin carbohydrate digestion in the mouth

Soft palate

Seals off the nasopharynx during swallowing

Stomach

Located between the esophagus and the small bowel

Sublingual

Salivary gland below the tongue that has Bartholin ducts

Submandibular

Salivary gland located below the maxilla, sometimes called the submaxillary and has Wharton's duct

Superiorly

The fundus of the stomach is located ____ and posteriorly to the body of the stomach

UGI

A study of the distal esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

Ascending portion

This fourth portion of the duodenum joins the jejunum at the duodenojejunal flexure

Asthenic

Very slender with narrow chest and abdomen and long trunk, center at the crest for the stomach

Barium sulfate

Common radiopaque that forms a colloidal suspension when mixed with water

Body and pylorus

Where is the barium seen in the stomach when the patient is prone?

Cardinal principles

Time, distance, and shielding are the ____ of radiation protection.

Contraindicated

Water-soluble, iodinated contrast media is used when barium sulfate is _____.
Descending portion

Descending portion

This second portion of the duodenum receives the common bile and pancreatic ducts

Double contrast

When radiopaque and radiolucent agents are used together

Duodenal bulb

The first part of the duodenum which is a common site for ulcers

Duodenum

The first part of the small bowel that curves around the head of the pancreas

Fundus

Where is the barium seen in the stomach when the patient is supine?

Fundus

Where is the air seen in the stomach when the patient is erect?

Horizontal portion

This third portion of the duodenum curves backward

Hypersthenic

Massive body-build, broad chest and abdomen and short trunk, center at the xiphoid process for the stomach

Hyposthenic

Small-average, center at the lower rib margin for the stomach

LPO

This projection of the stomach has air in the body and pylorus with barium in the fundus.

Lateral

This projection of the stomach demonstrates the retrogastric space

Ligament of Treitz

Suspensory ligament that holds the duodenum in place at the duodenojejunal junction

Mueller maneuver

Exhale, then try to inhale against a closed glottis

PA projection

This radiograph has barium in the body and pylorus with air in the bulb; this is a ___ of the stomach.

Pylorus

This inferior part of the stomach is also directed posteriorly

RAO

The patient is prone recumbent with the left side elevated 40-45 degrees and the CR is directed to the level of T5-6; this is the ____ esophagus projection.

RAO

The patient is prone recumbent with the left side elevated 40-70 degrees with the CR directed to the level of the duodenal bulb; this is the ____ projection of the stomach.

Radiolucent

Includes swallowed air, CO2, and gas crystals that produce a negative contrast agent

Radiopaque

A positive contrast agent

Rao

This projection of the stomach has barium in the body and pylorus with air in the fundus.

Right lateral

The patient is recumbent and lying on the right side with the CR directed to the level of T5-6 on the mid-coronal plane; this is the _____ projection for the esophagus.

Sthenic

Average body-build, center at the curve of the ribs for the stomach

Thick barium

Three to four parts barium sulfate to one part water

Thin barium

One part barium sulfate to one part water

Valsalva maneuver

Take in a deep breath and bear down like you're trying to have a bowel movement