all together

NR & FUNC

• nr say state education inefficient and drain on country’s resources

• functionalists say state education is fair to all classes

• NR say education is a product, FUNC say education is a human right

Chubb & Moe

• New Right sociologists in the USA - They say American state education has failed bc

• 1) state ed failed disadvantaged groups (no equality of opportunity)

• 2) state system fails to produce pupils with skills needed by economy

• 3) private school deliver higher quality education → they are answerable to consumers (parents)

NR & FUNC

• nr say state education inefficient and drain on country’s resources

• functionalists say state education is fair to all classes

• NR say education is a product, FUNC say education is a human right

Chubb & Moe

• New Right sociologists in the USA - They say American state education has failed bc

• 1) state ed failed disadvantaged groups (no equality of opportunity)

• 2) state system fails to produce pupils with skills needed by economy

• 3) private school deliver higher quality education → they are answerable to consumers (parents)

FUNC&MARX SIMILARITY

• Both look at the big picture - institutions and structure of society

• both say education has huge impact on the individual → closely linked to economy & work

FUNC&MARX DIFF

• how they see inequality

• marxists → education legitimises inequality

• functionalists → education increases meritocracy & lets people better themselves

crit of functionalism

• different achievement levels in terms of class, gender, ethnicity

• suggest education is not meritocratic

criticism of marx

• marx assumes people are passive victims

• Willis → student are not passive and resist authority

Education has 3 functions that help society:

• plays a part in secondary socialisation

• sifts and sorts people for the appropriate jobs

• teaches skills needed in work and by the economy

durkheim

• education passes on norms & values

• in order to integrate people into society

• education creates social order based on cohesion & consensus

parson

• describes school as a bridge between family & adult roles in soc

• schools pass on values of achievement (meritocratic)

parson agrees with durkheim

• education helps people agree about norms & values

davis & moore

• inequality is necessary in education

• to ensure most important roles in society filled by most talented people

• most able to gain high level qualifications which get them important jobs

davis & moore

says there has to be unequal reward (more money) to motivate people to train for top positions

marxism says

• education legitimise inequality through ideology

• prepares children for the world of work

• education passes on ruling class ideology that supports capitalism

Bowles & Gintis

• there is parallel between education/school and adult work

• pupils taught to accept hierarchy at school, motivated by grades to do boring work, following rules rewarded

Hidden curriculum

• Bowles & Gintis

• say hidden curriculum prepares people for work

• i.e being smartly dressed, turning up on time

Althusser

• education as part of the ‘ideological state apparatus’

• a tool of capitalism which is used to pass on the belief that society is fair, even if it isn’t’ → legitimises inequality

Docile & Obident

• Althusser says education produces docile and obedient workforce

• some kids form anti-school subculture who misbehave at school and then work

Bourdieu

• concept of ‘cultural capital’

• to explain how mc children go on to fill top jobs

meritocracy is

• marxists believe meritocracy is a myth

• so wc children blamed for poor results

• when in fact result of their social class

the new right

• believe that education should provide individual choice, rather than the state intervening in people’s lives

• schools should be run like businesses

• schools should be run like businesses competing with one another to attract consumers

• NR say this forces school to continually improve their standards

state schools

• state schools are run by the state

• so they don’t have to compete for their consumers

• NR say this has caused poorer standards

education market

• New right want to accelerate creation of an ‘education market’

• where a school’s role is to provide what its community