LEADERSHIP

Management

a process of coordinating actions and allocating resources to achieve organizational goals

Nursing management

is performing leadership functions of governance and decision-making within organizations employing nurses. It includes processes common to all management like planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling.

Authority 

the right to give orders and the power to exact obedience

Specialization of labor

specialization encourages continuous improvement in skills and the development and improvements in methods

Discipline

No slacking, bending of rules. The workers should be obedient and respectful of the organization

Unity of Command

Each employee has one and only one boss to give instructions or assignments

Unity of Direction

a single mind generates a single plan and all play their part in that plan but only one person is in charge of the group’s activities

Subordination of Individual Interests

when at work , only work things shall be pursued or thought about

Remuneration

Employees receive fair treatment or compensation for services, not what the company can get away with

Centralization of Authority

Consolidation of management functions, decisions are made from the top, producing uniformity of actions, reduces errors in performance of tasks

Chain of Command

formal chain of command running from top to bottom of the organization

Decentralization of authority

focuses on importance of human elements, those at lower levels are encouraged to participate in decision making

Material and social order

All materials and personnel have prescribed values and places, embodied in the institution’s policies and regulations, and they must remain there

Equity and Justice

Fair and just treatment ( but not necessarily identical treatment) no favoritism

Personnel tenure

limited turn-over of personnel. Lifetime employment for good workers, granting security of tenure and permanent status after satisfactory performance

Initiative 

thinking out a plan and do what it takes to make it happen

Scalar chain

interconnectedness of people within the organization from top to bottom

Hierarchy

line of authority

Motivation of personnel

as rational beings, personnel must be allowed to work their minds in problem-solving and decision-making

Esprit de Corps

harmony, cohesion among personnel, principle of unity of command must be observed

The classical management theory

It focuses on finding the one best way to perform and manage task.

The behavioral management theory

It recognizes employees as individuals with concrete human needs, as parts of work groups, and members of a larger society.

The quantitative management theory

It uses quantitative tools to help plan and control nearly everything in an organization.

The systems management theory

It holds that an organization comprises various parts that must perform tasks necessary for the survival and proper functioning of the system as a whole.

The contingency management theory

· is based on the premise that manager’s preferred actions or approaches depend on the variables of the situations they face.

The quality management theory

· states that the essence of the quality of any output is its ability to meet the needs of the person or group.

Leader

· It guides people and groups to accomplish common goals,

· It influences the beliefs, opinions, or behaviors of a person, group, or groups of people.

Nurse leader

is able to inspire others on the health care team to make patient education an important aspect of all care activities.

Leadership qualities

· uniquepersonality characteristics,

· exceptional clinical expertise,

· relationships with others in the organization.

Management Defined Management

· coordinates people, time, and supplies to achieve desired outcomes,

· involves problem-solving and decision-making processes.

Managers responsibility

· maintain control of the day to-day operations,

· achieve established goals and objectives.

Leadership and Management

· are intertwined concepts,

· nare different,

· difficult to discuss one without the other .

authority

· formal right to direct others granted by the organization

power

ability to motivate people to get things done with or without the formal right granted by the organization

Transformational leaders 

· Identify and clearly communicate vision and direction.

· Empower the work group to accomplish goals and achieve the vision.

Transactional leaders

· Focus on day-to-day operations and are comfortable with the status quo (the existing state of affairs).

· Reward staff for desired work ("I'll do x in exchange for you doing y").

Planning 

includes defining goals and objectives, developing policies and procedures; determining resource allocation; and developing evaluation methods.

Organizing 

includes identifying the management structure to accomplish work, determining communication processes, and coordinating people, time and work.  

Staffing 

includes those activities required to have qualified people accomplish work such as recruiting, hiring, training, scheduling and ongoing staff development.

Directing 

encourages employees to accomplish goals and objectives and involves communicating, delegating, motivating, and managing conflict.

Controlling 

analyzes results to evaluate accomplishments and includes evaluating employee performance, analyzing financial activities, and monitoring quality of care.

Customer Service Provider

· Providing service or care to customers (patient or clients).

· Nurse must keep customer service first and foremost as the motivator of all plans and activities.

Team Builder

A team is a group of people organized to accomplish the necessary work of an organization.

Resource Manager 

Resources include the personnel, time, and supplies needed to accomplish the goals of the organization.

Personnel Budget

Allocates funds for salaries, overtime, benefits, staff development and training, and employee turnover costs

Operating budget

Allocates funds for daily expenses such as utilities, repairs, maintenance, and patient care supplies

Capital budget

Allocates funds for construction projects and/or long-life equipment such as cardiac monitors, defibrillators, and computer hardware; capital budget items are generally more expensive than operating supplies.

Nursing process

· assessment,

·  analysis and diagnosis,

· planning,

·  implementation,

 evaluation;

ASSESSMENT 

· Gather information about the situation

ANALYSIS AND DIAGNOSIS 

· Analyze results of information gathered

·  Identify, clarify, and prioritize the actual problem (s)

· Determine if intervention is appropriate

PLANNING 

· Identify as many solutions as possible

· Elicit participation from people or groups affected

IMPLEMENTING 

· Communicate plans to everyone affected

· Be sure plans, goals, and objectives are clearly identified

EVALUATION 

· Identify evaluation criteria in the planning

The nurse - change agent 

· is responsible for guiding people

·  through the change process and needs

Technical skills

such as clinical expertise and nursing knowledge.

Human skills

· the ability and judgment to work with people in an effective leadership role.

Conceptual skills

· the ability to understand the complexities of the overall organization and where one's own area of management fits into the overall organization.