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state
name for a country with boundaries, population, sovereignty, and recognized
sovereignty
ultimate power that isn’t always agreed on
nation
group of people who share heritage, beliefs, or land
nation-states
singular nation of people who meet requirements to be a state
stateless nations
nation of people without a state of their own
multi-national state
country with more than one nation
autonomous region
area in a state where the people there have high autonomy
multistate nation
nation has a state, but nation is divided among multiple states
nationalism
identification with one’s nation and support for it, especially to the detriment of the interest of other nations
centripetal force
unite people by pulling them together
centrifugal force
break apart states and push people away from each other
devolution/balkanization
state breaks down through struggles among groups with conflict sometimes happening
imperialism
ways of influencing a country or group
colonialism
people move into and settle on the land of another country
neocolonialism
transnational businesses control economy and make/sell products
genocide
planned mass killing/removal of a group because of race, religion, etc.
geopolitics
governors make laws based on geographic features and how places interact with each other
territoriality
people’s willingness to defend the land they claim
partition
dividing a territory into separate countries/regions
annexation
adding territory to a state
self-determination
ability/desire of a region to govern itself
gerrymandering
political borders are drawn to benefit a party/candidate
they use borders to give politicians power
fronteir
area where no one has authority
steps for creating a boundary
boundary evolution: wording of a treaty that creates a boundary
delimitation: drawing border on paper
demarcation: physically representing border
border landscape
area on either side of a boundary
inclusionary and exclusionary border
welcoming
not welcoming
antecendent boundaries
naturally occurring divisions
subsequent boundaries
created by people based on cultural differences
superimposed boundaries
created by a third party
relic boundaries
boundaries that have disappeared but people still act like its there
geometric boundaries
based on latitude and longitude
straight lines
irredentism
border splits ethnic groups and groups want reunification
definitional boundary dispute
center on wording of a treaty
locational boundary dispute
disagreement about actual border location
operational boundary dispute
disagreement on border’s use/abuse
allocation boundary dispute
challenge the use of a border’s natural resources
law of the sea (unclos)
UN agreement that created international law on the sea
territorial waters (law of the sea)
12 miles from borders coast is controlled by that country
exclusive economic zones (law of the sea)
200 miles from border’s coast and other countries can’t use resources
median-line principle (law of the sea)
if two country’s claims overlap, a line is drawn that splits exclusive economic zones
global commons (law of the sea)
no one can extract resources, but can do scientific research
china’s nine dash line
line the government drew that represents historical claims
landlock state
no access to sea and surrounded by other countries
coastal state
access to sea and global trade
unitary state
power is concentrated in federal government
federal state
power is split among different levels of government
enclaves
state that is completely surrounded by another
exclaves
land that is not connected to its state
chokepoint
place that’s hard to pass through
shatterbelt
region that is prone to breaking up
confederation government
multiple states agree to work together, but stay moslty independent
supranationalism
creates a government with certain powers that countries can be part of while maintaining almost total sovereignty
devolution
transfer of power from large to small government
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