Pons, Medulla, & Cerebellum

Is the basilar artery found on the ventral or dorsal brainstem?

ventral brainstem

What is the floor of the fourth ventricle?

tegmentum of pons and medulla

What does the base of pons contain?

descending motor fibers

pontine nuclei of the pontocerebellar tact

Which cranial nerves exit the pons?

V, VI, VII, VIII

Which cranial nerves exit the mesencephalon?

III IV

Which cranial nerves exit the medulla?

IX, X, XI, XII

tegmentum of pons

location of ascending sensory pathways

location of cranial nerve nuclei for V, VI, VII and VIII

What is at the dividing line between the tegmentum and base of pons?

trapezoid body

trapezoid body

decussating auditory fibers

What forms the roof of the fourth ventricle?

superior medullary velum, cerebellum, inferior medullary velum

Where are the cell bodies of the fibers that make up the superior cerebellar peduncles?

cerebelllum

Where are the cell bodies of the transverse fibers of the pons located?

pontine nuclei

Where are the cell bodies of the longitudinal fibers of the pons located?

layer 5 of cortex

What would be the presentation for damage to the right middle cerebellar peduncle?

right cerebellar disease

What would be the presentation for a lesion to the pontine nuclei?

contralateral cerebellar disease

What would be the presentation for a space occupying lesion in the fourth ventricle?

unilateral flaccid paralysis of face

lateral rectus palsy, new onset intermittent esotropia

facial colliculus

Dorsal elevation formed by the facial nerve looping around the abducens nerve inside the pons

found in floor of fourth ventricle

transverse fibers of base of pons

pontocerebellar fibers

longitudinal fibers of base of pons

corticopontine fibers

corticospinal fibers

inferior olivary nucleus

sends fibers into contralateral cerebellar hemisphere via the inferior cerebellar peduncles to form an error detection system for motor movements

Which half of the medulla contains the olive?

cranial half

superior olivary nucleus

A nucleus along the auditory pathway from the cochlea to the auditory cortex. The superior olivary nucleus receives inputs from the cochlear nucleus.

Where are the vital centers for life located?

cranial medulla

Where is the fourth ventricle considered "open"?

in the cranial aspect because the fourth ventricle had a floor of medulla and roof of cerebellum

Where is the fourth ventricle considered "closed"?

in the caudal half because the ventricle looks like a canal

Which cranial nerves enter at the dorsolateral sulcus of the medulla?

IX X XI

Which cranial nerve exits at the anterolateral sulcus as numerous roots?

XII

Where are the cell bodies located for the fibers that make up the pyramids of the medulla?

layer 5 of Brodmann area 4

inferior cerebellar peduncles

connect medulla to cerebellum

fibers go into cerebellum

What would be the presentation of damage to CN XII?

tongue deviation to damaged side

superior cerebellar peduncles

connects the cerebellum to the mesencephalon

fibers traveling out to red nucleus

middle cerebellar peduncles

contacts pons to cerebellum

entirely input into cerebellum

nucleus gracilus

fibers that conscious proprioception of lower limb run through here

nucleus cuneatus

medullary nucleus at which first-order neurons of the dorsal column system synapse specifically from the upper body and arms

conscious proprioception of upper body and arms

Cuneocerebellar tract

sensory tract that ascends to the cerebellum for ipsilateral subconscious proprioception of the neck and upper extremities

floculonodular lober

oldest phlyogenically

major input from vestibular apparatus

archicerebellum

anterior lobe

second oldest

most of input is sensory from limbs via spinal tracts

paleo or spinocerebellum

posterior lobe

newest lobe

very strong connections with cerebral cortex

neo or cerebrocerbellum

What fissure separates the anterior and posterior lobes of the cerebellum?

primary fissure

posterolateral fissure

separates the flocculonodular lobe from the body of the cerebellum

vermis

connects cerebellar hemispheres

chiari malformation

part of cerbellum herniates down through foramen magnum