crude oil

what is cured oil

mixture of substances that contain hydrocarbon molecules.

what are hydrocarbons made out of

carbon and hydrogen

how is crude oil separated

fractional distillation

how does fractional distillation work

oil is heated until most of it has turned into gas, the gas enters a fractional columns where the gases get condensed and trapped into parts of the fractional column. Gases condense when they get further up the fractional distillation since it gets cooler at the top of the fractional column.

What is the temperature gradient in the bottom and the top of the fractional columns

bottom is very hot temperature

top is very cool temperatures

what happens to the boiling point of the crude oil has a long-chain hydrocarbons and short chain hydrocarbons.

long chain hydrocarbons have high boiling points

short chain hydrocarbons have low boiling points

in the fractional columns, where would long chain hydrocarbons be placed and where would short chain hydrocarbons be placed

kong chain hydrocarbons would be placed in the bottom of the fractional columns

short chain hydrocarbon would be placed in the top off the fractional column.

where are bubbles caps located in the fractional distillation

in the fractional columns

what od bubbles caps do

they prevent the separated liquids from running back down the column and remixing.

what possible things can each different fractions contain in the fractional columns

saturated hydrocarbons

unsaturated hydrocarbons

what does saturated hydrocarbons mean

compounds that only consist of hydrogen and carbons, there is single bonds between the carbon atoms.

what does unsaturated hydrocarbons mean

compounds that only consist of hydrogen and carbons, some carbons can have either double or triple bonds between carbon atoms.

what is the order of the substances in the crude oil (highest boiling point to lowest boiling point)

bitumen

fuel oil

diesel

kerosene

gasoline

refinery gas

what is bitumen used for

roads surfacing

what its fuel oil used for

fuel for ships

why is diesel used for

fuel for large vehicles such as trains

what is kerosene used for

fuel for aircraft

what is gasoline used for

fuel for cars

what is refinery gases used for

used for cooking and heating