PSY 101: Ch 12 - Social Psychology

What is social psychology?

What is the study of social interactions between people?

What are intrapersonal topics?

Which topics deal with emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition?

What are interpersonal topics?

Which topics deal with helping behavior, aggression, prejudice and discrimination, attraction and close relationship, and group processes and intergroup relationships?

What is situationism?

What is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings?

• Used by social psychologists.

What is dispositionism?

What is the view that our behavior is determined by internal factors (attribute of a person such as personality traits and temperament)?

• Used by personality psychologists.

What is fundamental attribution error?

What is the tendency to overemphasize internal factors as explanations/attributions for the behavior of other people and underestimate the power of the situation?

What is actor-observer bias?

What is the phenomenon of explaining other people’s behaviors are due to internal factors and our own behaviors are due to situational forces?

What is self-serving bias?

What is the tendency of an individual to take credit by making dispositional or internal attributions for positive outcomes but situational or external attributions for negative outcomes?

What is attribution?

What is a belief about the cause of a result?

What is the “Just-World” hypothesis?

What is the belief that people get the outcomes they deserve?

What are social roles?

What is a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group?

What are social norms?

What is a group’s expectation of what is appropriate and acceptable behavior for its members?

What are scripts?

What is a person’s knowledge about the sequence of events expected in a specific setting?

What is attitude?

What is an evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object?

What is affective component?

Which component of attitude deals with feelings?

What is behavioral component?

Which component of attitude deals with the effect of the attitude on behavior?

What is cognitive component?

Which component of attitude deals with belief and knowledge?

What is cognitive dissonance?

What is psychological discomfort arising from holding two or more inconsistent attitudes, behaviors, or cognitions?

What is persuasion?

What is the process of changing our attitudes toward something based on some kind of communication?

What is the foot-in-the-door technique?

How do a persuader gets a person to agree to a small favor, only to later request a larger favor?

What is conformity?

What is the change in a person’s behavior to go along with the group, even if he does not agree with the group?

What is the Asch effect?

How does the group majority have influence on an individual’s judgement?

What is normative social influence?

Why do people conform to the group norm to fit in, to feel good, and to be accepted by the group?

What is informational social influence?

Why do people conform when they believe the group is competent and has the correct information, particularly when the task or situation is ambiguous?

What is obedience?

What is the change of an individual’s behavior to comply with a demand by an authority figure?

What is group polarization?

What is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group?

What is social facilitation?

What occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone?

What is social loafing?

What is the exertion of less effort by a person working together with a group?

What is prejudice?

What is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group?

What is stereotype?

What is a specific belief or assumption about individuals based solely on their membership in a group?

What is discrimination?

What is a negative action toward an individual as a result of one’s membership in particular group?

What is racism?

What is the prejudice and discrimination against an individual based on race?

What is ageism?

What is the prejudice and discrimination toward individuals based solely on their on their age?

What is homophobia?

What is the prejudice and discrimination of individuals based solely on their sexual orientation?

What is sexism?

What is prejudice and discrimination toward individuals based on their sex?

What is in-groups?

What is a group that we identify with or see ourselves as belonging to?

What is out-groups?

What is a group that we view as fundamentally different from us?

What is in-group bias?

What is the prejudice and discrimination because the out-group is perceived as different and is less preferred than our in-group?

What is scapegoating?

What is the act blaming an out-group when the in-group experiences frustration?

What is aggression?

Why do people seek to cause harm or pain to another person?

What is hostile aggression?

Which type of aggression is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain?

What is instrumental aggression?

Which type of aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain?

What is the evolutionary theory of aggression?

Which theory states that aggression serves as an evolutionary function?

What is bullying?

What is the repeated negative treatment of another person over time?

What are the gender differences in bullying?

Boys - tend to engage in direct, physical aggression.

Girls - tend to engage in indirect, social forms of aggression.

What is cyberbullying?

What is the repeated behavior that is intended to cause psychological or emotional harm to another person through the internet?

What is the bystander effect?

What is the phenomenon in which a witness/bystander does not volunteer to help a victim or person in distress?

What is a diffusion of responsibility?

What is tendency for no one in a group to help because the responsibility to help is spread throughout the group?

What is prosocial behavior?

What is the voluntary behavior with the intent to help other people?

What is altruism?

What is the desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits of helping?

What is empathy?

What is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he/she feels?

What is reciprocity?

What are the give and take in relationships?

What is self-disclosure?

What is the sharing of personal information?

What is intimacy?

What is the sharing of details and intimate thoughts and emotions?

What is passion?

What is physical attraction?

What is commitment?

What does it mean to stand by the person in a relationship?

What is social exchange theory?

Which theory states that relationships in which the benefits outweigh the costs will be maintained?