Psych of Human Sexuality 321 Quiz 1 (FL 26)

Sexuality

feelings and behaviors of humans concerning sex, more than simply meting, includes aspects of human experience (laws, customs, fantasies, etc)

Sexologist

a person who scientifically studies human sexuality

What was posture like in early evolution?

bent over, over time posture turned upright allowing male genitals and female breasts to be more visible. This change facilitated social interactions and reproductive cues among early humans.

The Greeks

had complex views on sexuality, emphasizing the significance of both love and lust in human relationships, influencing cultural norms and philosophical thought.

Aphrodite

the ancient Greek goddess of love, beauty, and desire, often associated with sexuality and romantic attraction and sexual intercourse.

Eros

the ancient Greek god of love, often depicted as a youthful figure who embodies passionate and romantic desire, playing a central role in mythology related to attraction and relationships.

Pederasty

a social and educational system in ancient Greece involving romantic relationships between adult men and young boys, often seen as a rite of passage.

The Romans

were a civilization that adopted many aspects of Greek culture, including deities like Venus, who was the goddess of love and beauty, and had their own interpretations of relationships and sexuality. Wives encouraged husbands to have slaves for sexual release

Ancient India

was a civilization known for its rich and complex views on sexuality, evident in texts like the Kama Sutra, which explores romantic relationships and eroticism.

Karma

cycle of birth and rebirth, one’s actions in this and other lives determines one’s fate in a future life.

Patriarchal Society

is a social system in which men hold primary power, dominant in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege, and control of property, often leading to the subordination of women.

Karma Sutra

a historical text from ancient India focusing on sexuality, love, and relationships, detailing various aspects of romantic life and intimacy. Was known as an ancient sexual manual.

Tao

the basic unity and interdependence of the universe made of yin and yang

Yin

is the feminine principle in Chinese philosophy, representing passivity, darkness, and receptivity, often balanced with yang for harmony.

Yang

masculine, assertive limited, man should feed yang with prolonged contact with yin, without ejaculation

Polygamy

the practice of men or women marrying more than one partner. Best practice for men to have multiple wives and concubines, sexual instruction and manuals common, utilized medicinal substances and sexual desire

Jesus

Bible shows Jesus was liberal, as evidenced by his teachings on punishment for sexual transgressions (ex. Mary Magdalene)

The Middle Ages

repressive, the influence if the Catholic Church grew

Entremetteuse

during the middle ages, these were women who taught men about making love, or, women who obtained females for men’s sexual interests

Thomas Aquinas

argues sex organs were for procreation, condemned homosexuality

Witchcraft campaigns

women with sexual interest were said be sinful and to have “carnal lust”, such sexual interest represented a deal with the Devil, loss of life

Patriarchal

males dominated, society that emphasized modesty, where private parts of the body are to be covered

Koran

the holy book of Islam likens wives to fields that men should cultivate as frequently as they want

Harem

a group of women (wives, concubines) in a household’s enclosed quarters which is forbidden to other men, designated for wealthy males, eunuchs guarded the women from finding sexual pleasure elsewhere

Eunuch

a man who has had his testicles, or penis removes (or both)

The Renaissance

focused on the human experience, renewed sense of joy and sex, women become more educated and politically involved

The Reformation

Sex permissible only in marital union, celibacy is less valued, more egalitarian, divorces were allowed, chastity belts first appeared.

The Enlightenment

Sexual pleasure was viewed as natural and desirable, premarital pregnancy and illegitimate births rose

Victorian Era

Conservative attitudes toward sex

Males

chivalrous ideals

Females

ideal is virtuous, delicate, vulnerable

USA

sexuality was viewed as natural within marriage, freedom also meant brothels, contraception, and abortion

Slavery

female servants and slaves were commonly raped

Antimicsegration Laws

laws that forbade sex, marriage, and reproduction among members of different races.

Medial model of Sexuality

America becomes obsessed with sexual health, women ruled by their wombs, ovaries removed was very common, masturbation was unhealthy, homosexuality was an illness

Comstock Act of 1873

prohibited sexual writings or ads, including contraceptive information and artwork containing nudity

Vulva/Pudendum

Entire female region of external sex organs

Mons Veneris

protective, fatty cushion over the pubic bone, covered with pubic hair

Labia Majoria

outer lips, tissue folds from mons to perineum surrounding the rest of the female genitals, engorged with blood when excited

Outer Labia Majora

covered with pubic hair and pigmented

Inner Labia Majora

hairless and contain oil glands

Labia Minora

inner lips, pink tissue folds between vestibule and labia majora, no hair, many oil glands, darkens if sexually aroused

Clitoris

small cylindrical erectile tissue beneath the prepuce rich blood supply and nerve endings, soley to provide sexual pleasure, primarily via indirect stimulation

Vestibule

region between the labia minora, urethral and vagina openings, Bartholin’s gland ducts

Urethral Meatus

between clitoris and vagina, women with shorter urethra more susceptible to urinary tract infections (UTI) 1 in 5 women develop UTI’s

Introitus

entrance to the vagina

Hymen

tissue covering introitus at birth typically with an opening, may tear and bleed during first intercourse, other activites can cause its degeneration

Bartholins

ducts empty into vestibule, do not produce enough lubrication for sex

Anus

external opening of the rectum

Perineum

tissue between anus and vagina

Vagina

4 inch thin walled accordion like tube from the introitus to cervix organ of intercourse, canal for menses and babies to pass, lubricant secreted from vaginal wall openings when engorged, first 1/3 contains many nerve endings inner 2/3 has fewer nerve endings

Grafenberg Spot (G-Spot)

dime to quarter sized spot in the lower third of anterior vaginal wall (2-3 inches up) just past the pubic bone sensitive area, controversial: no scientific proof of existence, sensitivity might be due to stimulation of the bulbs of clitoris

Uterus

1 inch thick walls, hollow, muscular organ between the bladder and rectum, 3 inches long, 2 inches wide, monthly cycle of change, menstruation, protects fectus, contractions to expel menses and fetus

Uterine Wall Layers

1. Endometrium

2. Myoctrium

3. Perimetrium

Cervix

at bottom of the uterus, doughnut - shaped secretes mucus to help or impede sperm depending on the monthly cycle

Os

opening leading into the uterus

Fallopian Tubes

long trumpet shaped tubes that extend from the sides of the uterus and curve up to and around the ovaries

Ampulla

typical site of fertilization

Infundibulum

has fimbriae surrounding the ovaries to collect an egg upon release

Ovaries

form of an almond shell, contain 250,000 ova each, produce estrogen

Aveoli

mik - producing glands in the breasts

Pathway of milk flow

1. alveoli

2. secondary tubules

3. mammary ducts

4. lactiferous sinuses

5. nipple

Nipple abd Areola

sucking stimulates pituitary gland to release prolactin (begin milk synthesis) and oxytocin (release of milk)

Gynecology

medical practice dealing with the health of the female reproductive systems (vagina, uterus, and ovaries) and the breasts

Endometriosis

cells deposit outside of the uterus and cells engorge/weaken with the menstrual cycle. Typically affects childless women between 25-40 years old and cause is unknown

Menstrual Toxic Shock Syndrome

associated with use of high absorbency tampons, which creates a buildup of bacteria. Avoided by changing tampons regularly or using less absorbment tampons or sanitary pads.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

endocrine disorder affects 7% of premenopausal women, causes cyst formation on ovaries causing hormones to increase

Uterine Fibroids

hard tissue masses in the uterus, affects 3 out of 4 women many are unaware of them

Vulvodynia

chronic pain and soreness of the vulva (intermittent or constant) cause is unknown

Non-sexually Transmitted Infections

may be due to poor hygiene practices and or frequent intercourse. Douches change the vaginal pH level and can increase risk of infection

Breast Cancer

one of the most common cancers among American women, if untreated the cancer will spread through the body

Mastectomy

a surgical operation to remove a breast

Hysterectomy

a surgical operation to remove all or part of the uterus

Penis

no bone, little muscle, becomes erect to better pentrate the vagina

Urethra

for urine and semen transport

3 Cylinders of Erectile Tissue

corpora cavernosa spans the length of both sides of penis corpus spongiosum contains the urethra typically underside

Glans Penis

cone-like end of the penis, sensitive

Glans contain the:

Corona

Frenulum

Meatus

Foreskin (Prepuce)

fold of skin that can cover part of all of the glands, retracts over the corona during an erection

Circumcision

surgical removal of the foreskin, most common male surgery in USA, can be religious/cultural ritual

The Root of the Penis

extends into the body below the pubic bone, attached to internal pelvic muscles, can be felt in the perineum

Penile erection

a flaccid penis is an un-erect penis, stimulate perceived as sexual can cause an erection, occurs as spinal reflex as well, occurs during REM sleep (supplies blood to penis)

Erection Process

1. arteries of the penis to allow blood to flow into the three cylinders

2. veins then compress to prevent exit of blood

3. flaccid state returns when arteries constrict and the veins open to allow blood to flow out

Scrotum

loose, wrinkled pouch beneath the penis, lightly covered with pubic hair, contains testicles keeps the testicles 3.8 degrees Farenheit cooler than the body’s temperature to keep sperm viable

Cremaster Muscle

moves the scrotum closer to or farther from the body, to regulate temperature

Testicles

two egg shaped glands in the scrotum, 2 inches long, 1 inch diameter, typically one (usually the left) hangs a bit lower to allow sliding past rather than compression

Testosterone production

a male hormone

Spermatogenesis

the origin and development of the sperm cells within the testes

Testosterone Production

Testosterone is the most important male hormone

Interstitial (Leydig) cells

cells in the testicles that produce testosterone out of cholesterol

Ejaculation

physiological process where seminal fluid is powerfully expelled from the penis

Ejaculatory Pathway organs

Vas deferens

Seminal vesicles

Prostate gland

Cowpers glands

Vas deferens

18 inch tube that carries sperm from the testicles combines fluids from other glands and propels the sperm

Seminal Vesicles

next to the ampulla of the vas deferens, secretes a nutritional bath for traveling sperm, 60-70% of the ejaculate volume, joins the vas deferens to form the ejaculatory duct that passes into the prostate and then forms the urethra

Prostate Gland

walnut-sized gland beneath the bladder, secretes a fluid that neutralizes the acidity of the vagina that would be lethal to sperm 25%-30% of the ejaculate’s volume

Cowper’s (bulbourethral) Glands

2 pea sized glands next to the urethra under the prostate contributes fluid that cleans the urethra of lethal acidic urine comprises the majority of the pre-ejaculatory fluid may contain live sperm

Ejaculate/Semen

2 to 15 milimeters of fluid, 50 to 150 million sperm per mililitier, few sperm reach the ovum, sperm work together in order to fertilize the egg, semen coagulates upon ejaculation (this helps it remain in the vagina and travel into the uterus) 5 to 20 minutes later it thins out

Erogenous Zone

an area of the human body that has heightened sensitivity the stimulation of which may generate a sexual response

Breasts

mostly muscle and no functional purpose in males, some men are sexually pleased when the nipples are stimulated

Male erogenous zones:

Scrotum

Testicles

Anus