Chapter 6: Separation Methods

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Capillary electrophoresis

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40 Terms

1

Capillary electrophoresis

________ is capable of separating DNA fragments that differ by only one base pair in size.

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2

Michael Tswett

He revolutionized analytical chemistry by developing a separation method that has evolved into a whole family of analytical techniques applicable to a huge variety of mixtures of solids, liquids, and vapors, over a large temperature range, whether they are soluble in solvents or not.

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3

neutral substance

________ is the one that releases neither H3O+ nor OH− ions when dissolved.

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4

Liquid Phase Extraction

It involves the separation of two or more substances in an analyte through a process where two solvents are employed.

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5

1000°C

If a polymer such as a fiber is heated to very high temperatures, up to ________, in the absence of oxygen, it will not burn but instead will decompose into stable fragments, called pyrolyzates.

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6

Alkaline

________ or basic substance is the one that releases hydroxide (OH−) ions when dissolved in water.

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7

Pyrolysis

To heat in the absence of air.

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8

acidic substance

A(n) ________ is the one that releases hydrogen ions H+ (they become hydrated in the presence of water, so they are in the form of H2O.

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9

Electron Capture Detector

An extremely sensitive detector that is used on substances that have a halide such as chloride or bromide, or oxygen in the molecule.

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10

Paper chromatography

________ is one of the oldest methods of separation and is still used in some applications.

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11

Polarity

It is the tendency of the compound to behave like a miniature magnet, with a positive side and a negative side.

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12

Stationary phases

________ have become much more efficient in separating components of an analyte and they are much more sensitive.

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13

Pyroloysis Gas Chromatography

A modification of GC making it possible for a gas chromatograph to analyze polymers.

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14

Thin Layer Chrimatography

A technique used to isolate non-volatile mixtures.

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15

Gas Chromatograph

An instrument that is used to separate components of an analyte mixture using the principles of GC.

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16

RI Detector

It measures a mobile phase with an analyte dissolved in it will refract light differently than the mobile phase alone.

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17

Solid phase extraction

________ does not involve a partitioning mechanism.

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18

Capillary GC

Modern GC

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19

Gel electrophoresis

A technique used to separate DNA fragments according to their size.

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20

Liquid phase extractions

________ are commonly used to separate mixtures of solids.

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21

Gas Chromatography

It is the most versatile chromatography method.

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22

stationary phase

The paper acts as a(n) ________ and the ink solvent is the mobile phase.

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23

Liquid Phase Extraction

It involves the separation of two or more substances in an analyte through a process where two solvents are employed

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24

Partitioning

The competition between two solvents for an analyte

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25

Polarity

it is the tendency of the compound to behave like a miniature magnet, with a positive side and a negative side

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26

Solid Phase Microextraction

This technique is used for very small samples

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27

Flame Ionization Detector

produces a small flame from the reaction of hydrogen taken from a tank and oxygen from the air

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28

Mass Spectrometer Detector

can detect and identify each analyte component as it elutes from the column

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29

Nitrogen-Phosporous Detector

it can detect only substances that contain nitrogen or phosphorous

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30

Thermal conductivity Detector

relies on the change in the ability of the mobile phase gas to conduct heat as it is mixed with an analyte

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31

Electron Capture Detector

an extremely sensitive detector that is used on substances that have a halide such as chloride or bromide, or oxygen in the molecule

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32

Pyroloysis Gas Chromatography

a modification of GC making it possible for a gas chromatograph to analyze polymers

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33

Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer

The GC separates a mixture into individual components and then each one can be introduced into a special sample compartment in an FTIR

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34

Gradient Chromatography

The composition of the mobile phase can be altered during the run

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35

Diode array detector

Measures the ultraviolet and visible spectrum of the solution as it flows through

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36

Fluorescence Detector

Detect only those substances that exhibit fluorescence, such as the illicit drug LSD

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37

Conductivity detector

Detects only conductors

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38

RI Detector

Measures a mobile phase with an analyte dissolved in it will refract light differently than the mobile phase alone

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39

Soils

Organic extractions can be done on soils and the various substances can be separated

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40

Capillary electrophoresis

The primary methodology used for separating and detecting short tandem repeat (STR) alleles in forensic DNA laboratories worldwide

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