Energy Resources

renewable examples

biomass, hydro, geothermal, hydrogen, solar, wind

coal: abundant but

highest CO₂ emissions/pollution

oil: main transport fuel but

geopolitical and price volatility

natural gas: lower emissions than coal/oil

transition fuel

nuclear: high energy _____

density

nuclear: zero

CO₂ emissions

nuclear: high energy density 7 zero CO₂ emissions but

radioactive waste and safety issues

wind: mature technology and competitive costs but

variable output

biomass

converts organic matter into energy; potential land-use conflicts

renewable energy strategic issues

need for storage, grid integration, investment in infrastructure/technology innovation

hydrogen types (limited)

grey, blue, green

grey hydrogen

from natural gas (emits CO₂)

blue hydrogen

with carbon capture

green hydrogen

via electrolysis using renewable power (zero emissions)

one application of hydrogen

feedstock for ammonia, steel, and synthetic fuels

hydrogen energy carrier challenges

high production cost and infrastructure needs, requires large-scale renewable electricity