unit2

HealthScience

• Throat →

Pharynx

• Voice box →

Larynx

• Windpipe →

Trachea

• Nasal cavity →

Nose

• Nasal conchae →

Turbinates

• Anterior nares →

Nostrils

• Air sacs →

Alveoli

Airway →

Bronchus

para

beside

para

beside

extra

outside

pre

before

sub

under

inter

between

peri

around

endo (Greek)

inside

intra (Latin)

inside

• a

(without)

apnea

inability to breathe

• brady

(slow)

bradypnea

slow breathing

• dys

(difficult)

dyspnea

difficulty breathing

• eu

(normal)

eupnea

normal breathing

• hyper

(high)

hyperpnea

deep breathing

• hypo

(low)

hypopnea

shallow breathing

• ortho

(upright), straight

orthopnea

ability to breathe only when upright

• tachy

(fast)

tachypnea

fast breathing

• movement of air =

ventilation

• oxygen =

oxo-

• blood =

haemo-/hemato-

condition =

ia

normal, eupnea

Hypopnea

Trachypnea

• Hyperventilation:

excessive air movement (causing hypocapnia)

• Hypoventilation:

deficient air movement (causing hypercapnia)

• Hypoxemia:

low oxygen in blood

Hypoxia:

low oxygen in tissues

• Auscultation →

Listening to body sounds

• Percussion →

Tapping on the body to elicit vibrations

• Spirometry →

Measurement of lung volume/capacity

• Expectoration →

Coughing up and spitting out material from lungs

• Sputum →

Material expelled by coughing

• Asthma →

Obstructive pulmonary disease - spasm of bronchial tubes

• Emphysema →

Obstructive pulmonary disease - overexpansion of alveoli

scopy =

visual examination

• scope =

tool for visual examination

• Bronchoscopy =

examination of the airways

• Nasopharyngoscope =

instrument to view nose and throat

• Tracheotomy =

cutting into the trachea

• Tracheostomy =

creating an opening in the trachea for ventilation

• Endotracheal intubation =

inserting tube into trachea through mouth

• Bronchitis =

inflammation of bronchi

• Bronchospasm =

involuntary muscle contraction of bronchi

• Bronchiectasis =

dilation of bronchi

• Pyothorax =

pus in the chest

• Pneumonia =

inflammation/infection of lungs

• Pulmonary embolism =

blockage in lungs due to floating blood clot

• Sinusitis =

inflammation of sinuses

Tonsillitis =

inflammation of tonsils

• Laryngitis =

inflammation of larynx

• Laryngospasm =

spasm of larynx

• Pharyngitis =

inflammation of pharynx

• Hemothorax =

blood in the pleural cavity

Pneumothorax =

air in the pleural cavity

• LTB =

Laryngotracheobronchitis

• TB =

Tuberculosis

• URI =

Upper Respiratory Infection

• PFT =

Pulmonary Function Tests

○ FVC =

Forced Vital Capacity

VC =

Vital Capacity

bronch/i(o)

airway, bronchus

capn(o)

carbon dioxide

ectasis

expansion

h(a)em(o)

blood

itis

inflammation

laryng(o)

voice box, larynx

pharyng(o)

throat, pharynx

pneum(o)

1. air, breathing; 2. lungs

pulmon(o)

lungs

py(o)

pus

sinus(o)

cavity, sinus

spasm

involuntary muscle contraction

thorax

chest, thoracic cavity

tonsill(o)

tonsil

trache(o)

windpipe, trachea

bradypnea

dypnea