Learning and Memory Review

These flashcards cover key concepts related to learning and memory, as well as disorders and brain functions associated with these concepts.

Learning

A relatively enduring change in an organism’s behavior as a result of experience.

Memory

The ability to recall or recognize previous experiences.

Engram

The physical representation of learning and memory in the brain.

Sensory Buffers

Short-term storage for incoming information, such as iconic memory for visual stimuli.

Short-term Memory (STM)

The part of memory that temporarily holds items for a brief period.

Long-term Memory (LTM)

The stage of memory that can hold large amounts of information over extended periods.

Amnesia

A condition characterized by the loss of memory.

Retrograde Amnesia

A type of amnesia where individuals lose memories created before the onset of amnesia.

Anterograde Amnesia

A type of amnesia where individuals cannot form new memories after the onset.

Declarative Memory

Memory that involves conscious recollection of facts (semantic) and experiences (episodic).

Nondeclarative Memory

Memory that is not consciously recalled, including skills and conditioned responses.

Long-term Potentiation (LTP)

A long-lasting strengthening of synapses based on recent patterns of activity.

Plasticity

The brain's ability to change its structure and function as a result of experience.

Korsakoff's Syndrome

A chronic neurocognitive disorder caused by prolonged alcohol abuse that leads to memory deficits.

Bilingalism

The ability to speak and understand two languages.

Aphasia

A language disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate.

Broca's Aphasia

A type of aphasia characterized by impaired speech production but preserved comprehension.

Wernicke's Aphasia

A type of aphasia characterized by fluent but nonsensical speech and impaired comprehension.