clustr final review

baby boom

significant and persistent increase in fertility and decrease in mortality

reconversion

change for wartime to peacetime

keynesian economics

government plays an active role

containment

political strategy to limit soviet expansion

marshall plan

1948 → federal funding to western europe to help them recover and bolster military strength

nato

1949 → alliances and strength relations

military industrial complex

the relationship between a country's military and the defense industry that supplies it

house unanimous activities committee (huac)

1937 → trying to find communists and discredit them (alger hiss trial)

hollywood blacklist

refused to testify, and were convicted by congress

mccarthyism

making accusations of subversion and treason in a public and attention-grabbing manner

the kitchen debate

american national exhibit (model home), with nixon defining freedim with consumerism while khrushchev argued about pre-existing poverty

decolonization

formerly colonized countries gaining independence from their mother countries

housing act of 1949

boosted middle class through subsidies for housing

white flight

mass exodus of white people from cities to suburbs

hard sell

rosser reeves → tells people what you want them to know straight up, forced the experience onto people (ike for president)

deep sell

tony schwartz → leave everything to imagination, suggest the experience onto people (daisy commercial)

public opinion

opinion of public about public good, interest, or common time and space

sample

small group within total population

survey design

how questions are asked

mutually assured destruction

principle of deterrence founded on the notion that a nuclear attack by one superpower would be met with an overwhelming nuclear counterattack such that both the attacker and the defender would be annihilated.

arms race

both sides think they have no other choice than to keep the balance by making more weapons

nash equilibrium

equilibrium that helps explain and predicts behavior under certain assumptions (prisoners dilemma)

semiotics

academic study of signs and systems of communication

sign

signifier and signified

myth

sign at a social level

signifier

sound or image

signified

concept (thought or representation)

hip

aware of pervasive and usually unwitting signifying that pervades mainstream culture form discourse

square

taking signs at face value

realism

represents a familiar present

modernism

represents a defamiliarized present

folk process

the way stories/songs/art is transformed and re-adapted in the process of its transmission

koko

charlie parker → abstraction of cherokee

which side are you on → florence reece (1931)

labor organizing song using a folk tune

which side are you on → the almanac singers (1945)

postwar era, more formal version -- commercial art

which side are you on → sncc freedom singers (1963)

end of folk process for the song

rock island line (1934)

field recording done in a prison yard

rock island line → the weavers (1953)

commercialized folk

blind lemon jefferson (1927)

commercially disseminated folk

dave van ronk (1961)

trying to be authentic, but just copying what blind lemon jefferson did

bob dylan (1962)

originality and sincerity

values of folk

authenticity, sincerity, and originality

civil rights

protect people from government and ensure they can exercise their rights

brown v board (1954)

desegregating schools

bloody sunday (march 7, 1965)

march from selma to montgomery

civil rights act of 1964

prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin

race

physiological differences

ethnicity

shared cultural traits

de facto segregation

segregation by custom/practice, instead of by law

the sonic color line

social segregation through the music industry

the great migration

movement of african americans out of the rural south and into the urban north

hound dog → big mama thornton (1953)

written for thornton, original recording

hound dog → elvis (1956)

humiliated and slut shamed for making the song so sexual (gyrations and hip thrusting)

hound dogs → freddie bell and the bell boys (1956)

square and corny

soul

harnessing power of gospel to tell upbeat stories, the moving spirit

i saw her standing there → the beatles (1964)

inspired resurgence of 50s rock

newport folk revival (1965)

dylan goes electric, rock with a message

delegate model

doing exactly what the people say

trustee model

acting in the best interest of the people

demagogue

leader in a democracy who exploits prejudice and ignorance

george wallace

governor of alabama → ran on a platform of state’s rights and segregration in the 1968 election, won several states as an independent candidate

new deal order (1930s - 1960s)

began with the great depression and social welfare, big government ideals with the new deal coalition, keynesian economics -- fdr (new deal) → truman (fair deal) → kennedy (new frontier) → johnson (great society

decline of new deal order

red scare, deindustrialization, civil rights movement, suburbanism

nimbyism

__n__ot __i__n __m__y __b__ackyard

sunbelt

southern coast of the united states -- florida through texas and into california

disneyland

racial homogeneity, self contained and enclosed, obsession with order

okie from muskogee → merle haggard (1969)

explicitly anti-hippie, symbolized country in the moment -- reclamation of stigmatized whiteness

opryland - nashvile, tn

imitation of disney and american traditionalism, theme park for country

hickface

a performance of rural whiteness, portrays a racialized whiteness

the social issue

social problems that make you afraid contrasted with the sense of the way things should be

free press

watchdogs, defended public interest and exposed abuse of authority

new journalism

read like a novel, with complex syntax and a subjective pov; journalists allowed transport to vietnam in military helicopters

khe sahn

major battle of the tet offensive

first indochina war

war for vietnamese independence from the french

second indochina war

north vietnam vs south vietnam (communist)

operation rolling thunder

1965 - 1968 → gradually intensifying attacks, use of napalm

war of attrition

search and destroy, focus on body count

the living room war

refers to how highly televised every part of the vietnam war was

draft inequity

forced working class to fight, while middle and upper class could avoid, large racial and age disparity

chicano moratorium (august 1970)

protest in east la against the vietnam war, national movement

poietic

making, view of the artist

esthetic

sensing, view of the interpreter/listener

literary modernism

psychological perspective, experimental prose

literary realism

ethnographic perspective

modernist psychedelia

dream-like, ways to explore abstract ideas about mind-altering drugs

parameters of the psychedelic

dechronization, depersonalization, and dynamization

distortion

output clipping from overdriven amp

wah

low to high filter sweep

woodstock

august 18, 1969

tone painting

use of varying timbres and sound symbolism

pluralism/multiculturalism

the idea that society is made of many ethnic groups

populism

the idea that there is an illegitimate power exercised by elites

white ethnics

surban north, “pigs” → polish, italians, greeks, slavs (notably not the irish -- immigrated earlier -- or the jewish -- model minorities)

core

__c__ongress __o__f __r__acial __e__quality

american exceptionalism

the u.s. was defined by the promise of freedom and equality, unlike european colonial powers

pan-africanism

the attempt to create a sense of brotherhood and collaboration among all people of african descent, became a black cultural style

black power

revolutionary front fighting for equality

“black is beautiful”

natual hair and african fabrics used as signifiers of identity

the black power party (est. 1966)

embodies black power narratives, started by huey newton

“say it loud (i’m black and i’m proud” → james brown (1968)

politicized messages in music, inspiring confidence