7. Ketones and Aldehydes

0.0(0)
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Get a hint
Hint

What are the similarities between Ketones and Aldehydes?

Get a hint
Hint
  1. Both have general formula

    CₙH₂ₙO

  2. Both have a carbonyl functional group

  3. Lower boiling points/Higher solubility

  4. NO H bonding

Get a hint
Hint

What are the differences between Ketones and Aldehydes?

Get a hint
Hint

position of carbonyl in molecule

Card Sorting

1/17

Anonymous user
Anonymous user
Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

18 Terms

1
New cards

What are the similarities between Ketones and Aldehydes?

  1. Both have general formula

    CₙH₂ₙO

  2. Both have a carbonyl functional group

  3. Lower boiling points/Higher solubility

  4. NO H bonding

2
New cards

What are the differences between Ketones and Aldehydes?

position of carbonyl in molecule

3
New cards

Aldehyde Structure

carbonyl group attached to at least one hydrogen

  • usually at end of molecule

4
New cards

Ketone Structure

carbonyl carbon connected to 2 carbons

  • middle of molecule

<p>carbonyl carbon connected to 2 carbons</p><ul><li><p><span style="color: green"><strong>middle of molecule</strong></span></p></li></ul><p></p>
5
New cards

How to Name Aldehydes

  1. prefix is # of carbons (alkane)

  2. ending goes from -e → -al

  3. no position numbers since carbonyl is always carbon 1

6
New cards

How to Name Ketones

  1. prefix is # of carbons (alkane) + position of the carbonyl

  2. ending goes from -e → -one

  3. if your ketone has two carbonyl groups: name, location, -dione/-trione

7
New cards

How are aldehydes and ketones created?

controlled oxidation of alcohols

8
New cards

How are aldehydes and ketones controlled in oxidizing reactions?

  • oxidizing agents (oxygen-rich compounds)

  • represented by [O]

9
New cards

What is the flow of oxidation for primary alcohols?

  1. primary alcohol → aldehyde → carboxylic acid

  2. orange → green

<ol><li><p>primary alcohol → aldehyde → carboxylic acid</p></li><li><p>orange → green</p></li></ol><p></p>
10
New cards

What is the flow of oxidation for secondary alcohols? What is their colour change?

  1. secondary alcohol → ketone

  2. orange → green

<ol><li><p>secondary alcohol → ketone</p></li><li><p>orange → green</p></li></ol><p></p>
11
New cards

What is special about teritary alcohols?

they do not oxidized

12
New cards

How do you obtain aldehyde from a primary alcohol?

  • stop the reaction by removing aldehyde from the reaction before it becomes carboxylic acid

13
New cards

How do you obtain aldehyde from a primary alcohol?

leave the aldehyde for prolonged period of time

Use apparatus for reflux (a distillation techinque)

14
New cards

Tell me about Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones

  1. use a suitable reducing agent (NaBrH₄) in an aqueous alcoholic solution or lithium aluminum hydride

  2. in anhydrous conditions

  3. followed by an aqueous acid (carboxylic acid)

15
New cards

Complete the statement: both reagents produce the _______ ion,…

both reagents produce the hydride ion, H⁻, which acts as nucleophile on electron-deficient carbonyl carbon

16
New cards

Reduction of a carboxylic acid produces…

an aldehyde

17
New cards

Reduction of an aldehyde produces…

a primary alcohol

18
New cards

Reduction of a ketone produces a…

secondary alcohol