Ch. 13 Congress

Flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 13 discussing the structure, powers, and functions of Congress.

Enumerated Powers

Powers specifically listed in Article 1 Section 8 of the Constitution that Congress can exercise independently.

Implied Powers

Powers not explicitly outlined in the Constitution but are necessary for Congress to effectively carry out its enumerated powers.

Bicameral Legislature

A legislative body composed of two houses, such as the House of Representatives and the Senate.

Necessary and Proper Clause

A clause that grants Congress the power to pass all laws necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated list of powers.

Filibuster

A prolonged speech in the Senate that delays or prevents a vote on a bill.

Cloture Rule

Senate rule (Rule XXII) that requires 60 senators to invoke cloture and end a filibuster.

Voter Interests Dominance

A decentralized model of Congressional power where the priorities of voters influence legislative decisions.

Partisan Voting

Voting behavior in Congress where members align with their party's majority on issues.

Trustee/Attitudinal View

A voting behavior where members of Congress vote based on their own beliefs and ideologies.

Gerrymandering

The manipulation of electoral district boundaries for political advantage.

Speaker of the House

The presiding officer of the House of Representatives, chosen by the majority caucus.

Caucus

An association of members of Congress formed to support a specific ideology or interest.

Public Bill vs. Private Bill

A public bill affects the entire country, while a private bill pertains to a specific individual or entity.

Simple Resolution

Legislation passed by one house that affects only that chamber and does not require a presidential signature.

Committee Markup

The process by which a congressional committee reviews and suggests changes to a bill.

Casework

Assistance provided by congressional staff to constituents in navigating government services.

Majority/Minority Leaders

Elected leaders of each party in Congress responsible for setting the legislative agenda.

Political Polarization

The divergence of political attitudes to ideological extremes, leading to gridlock in Congress.

Incumbency Advantage

The advantages held by current officeholders in elections, leading to high reelection rates.