GRE prep

Franz Joseph Gall

Phrenology- examining the shape and contours of a person’s skull to determine their nature

sir francis galton

created the correlation coefficient

gustav fechner

developed the just noticeable difference

herbert spencer

founder of sociology, characteristics acquired during lifetime can be passed to future generations

william james

wrote about the stream of consciousness and about functionalism

herman von helmholtz

trichromatic theory- there are three types of receptors in the retina, red blue and green

place resonance theory- different part of the basilar membrane responds to different frequencies

stanley hall

coined the term adolescence, first president of the APA

john dewey

foundation for functionalism, animals are constantly adapting to their environment

edward titchener

founder of structuralism, through introspections of discrete sensations

james cattell

thought psychology should be more scientific

ivan pavlov

discovered classical conditioning

john b watson

founded behaviorism, studied conditioning, stimulus response chains, and objective observational behavior.

edward thorndike

theory of law of effect- people do what rewards them and dont do what does not reward them. believed learning occurred through formation of connections between stimuli and response

B.F. Skinner

created operant conditioning

Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler, Kurt Koffka

founders of the gestalt psychology- the whole is greater than its parts

sigmund freud

id, ego, superego, the unconscious drives conflicts, Thanatos and eros

alfred adler

feelings of inferiority, 4 type personality theory- ruling-dominate, getting leaning, avoiding, and socially useful

carl jung

collective unconscious and archetypes, analytical psychology

jean piaget

stages of cognitive development, developmental psychology

clark hull

drive reduction theory- performance= drive x habit

edward tolman

purposive behavior- learning is acquired through meaningful behavior, expectancy-value theory- performance= expectation x value

konrad lorenz

imprinting and critical period of geese

carl rogers

client centered therapy- unconditional positive regard

abraham maslow

hairarchy of needs, people inherently strive for self-improvement

erik erikson

psychosocial development is throughout life, coined the term identity crisis

victor frankl

existential psychology, coined logotherapy- a persons will to meaning or meaning to life

aaron beck

problems are cause by maladaptive was of thinking of the world, wrote the beck depression inventory

melanie klein

found object relations theory- kids relation to objects/ toys, created play therapy

karen horney

opposed freud in penis envy, her theory of personality was based on the parents ability and interest in creating a secure environment for the child

kurt lewin

field theory of behavior- human behavior is a function if their environment

anna freud

took psychoanalysis and applied it to children

lev vygotsky

zone of proximal development and scaffolding, -importance of social interaction in learning

gordon allport

trait perspective of personality- cardinal, central, and secondary traits

inez beverly prosser

concluded that black people faired better in segregated schools

donald hebb

neural pathways fire in patterns which controls memory

raymond cattell

16 essential personality facotrs

harry harlow

impact of comfort over food in monkeys

john bowlby

articulation of attachment theory- children will develop attachment to a primary care giver by the age of 12m

rollo may

importance of anxiety in the human condition, creating meaning out of experience

mary ainsworth

strange situations experiment- attachment styles

kenneth bancroft clark, mamie phipps clark

experiment conducted on black children to study their views about race- clarks landmark doll study

hans eysenck

personality traits were genetically given