honors biology 9 chapter 18 vocab

binomial nomenclature

Classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name

genus

group of closely related species; the first part of the scientific name in binomial nomenclature

systematics

study of the diversity of life and the evolutionary relationships between organisms

taxon

group or level of organization into which organisms are classified

family

in classification, group of similar genera

order

in classification, a group of closely related families

class

in classification, a group of closely related orders

phylum

in classification, a group of closely related classes

kingdom

largest and most inclusive group in classification

phylogeny

The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms

clade

evolutionary branch of a cladogram that includes a single ancestor and all its descendants

monophyletic group

group that consists of a single ancestral species and all its descendants and excludes any organisms that are not descended from that common ancestor

cladogram

diagram depicting patterns of shared characteristics among species

derived character

trait that appears in recent parts of a lineage, but not in its older members

domain

larger, more inclusive taxonomic category than a kingdom

bacteria

Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycan; corresponds to the kingdom eubacteria

archaea

domain consisting of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan; corresponds to the kingdom Archaebacteria

eukarya

Domain of all organisms whose cells have nuclei, including protists, plants, fungi, and animals