WBCs

how many wbcs are there per mm cubed?

5-10,000

list the wbcs from least numerous in blood to most numerous (5)

basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils

what are the 2 major categories of wbcs?

granulocytes, agranulocytes

what 3 types of wbcs are in granulocyte category?

basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils

what 2 types of wbcs are in agranulocyte category?

lymphocytes, monocytes

which type granulocyte is for acute infection (example: a cut)

neutrophil

what kind of nucleus does neutrophil have?

multilobed

what does chemotaxis mean

cells moving to injury

what do neutrophils do? (3)

phagocytotize invaders, create pus, secrete pyrogen (fever)

what are eosinophils the same size as?

neutrophils

what kind of nucleus do eosinophils have?

bilobed

what do eosinophils contain?

red granules

what do eosinophils respond to?

foreign proteins (parasites, allergens)

what is interesting about the amount of eosinophils throughout the day?

more in morning, few in afternoon

what are eosinophilic disorders?

when there are too many eosinophils

what do eosinophils do when body wants to attack a substance?

release toxins

what can too many eosinophils cause? (2)

chronic inflammation, tissue damage

what percent of blood are basophils?

<0.5%

what do basophils contain?

bright blue granules

what is the nucleus like in basophils? (2)

obscure, lobed

what 2 substances are released by basophils?

heparin and histamine

what is heparin?

anticoagulant

what is histamine?

vasodilator

what are basophils involved in?

allergic reactions

what type of wbc increases during viral infections?

lymphocytes

when seen in blood, what are lymphocytes doing?

going from one lymphatic tissue to another

what are lymphocytes the same size as?

rbcs

what are the organelles like in lymphocytes?

big nucleus, little cytoplasm

what is important about b and t cells?

have memory so can recognize antigens

what do t cells do?

attack

what do b cells do?

make antibodies

what are the largest wbc?

monocytes

how big are monocytes in comparison to rbcs?

2-3x

what are monocytes for?

chronic disease

what happens in leukemia?

malignant proliferation of wbc precursors in bone marrow that spill out into blood

what do monocytes do that is better than neutrophils? (2)

each can injest 100+ bacteria, contain hydrolytic enzymes

what do hydrolytic enzymes do?

dissolve fatty coat of bad diseases

how long are monocytes in blood for usually?

3 days

how long do monocytes live for?

weeks-months

what is the nucleus like in a monocyte?

more indented than lymphocyte

what are monocytes called in connective tissue?

histiocytes

what are monocytes called in liver sinusoids?

kupffers cells

what are monocytes called in lung?

alveolar macrophages

what are monocytes called in lymph nodes and spleen?

free and fixed macrophages

what are monocytes called in bone marrow?

fixed macrophages

what are monocytes called in serous fluids?

pleural and peritoneal macrophages

what are monocytes called in skin?

histiocytes, langerhans cells

what are the 2 types of hormones of wbcs?

interleukins, colony stimulating factors

what do wbc hormones do?

stimulate development

what are platelets?

fragments of cells involved in clotting

where are erythrocytes, platelets, and leukocytes made?

pluripotent stem cells in red marrow

order of where blood cells are made when fetus is in womb:

yolk sac, liver, spleen, bone marrow

what is the structure of bone marrow (2)

vascular sinuses and reticulum scaffolding

what does the reticular scaffolding contain? (2)

massive amounts of hematopoietic stem cells and macrophages

what other huge store does bone marrow contain?

neutrophils