Gunpowder Empires

How did Suleyman show respect for tradition?

He granted freedom of worship to Christians and Jews showing acceptance to those of other beliefs. He also created legal reforms.

What is the capital of the Ottoman Empire? What did the city used to be called? What was it the capital of?

It Istanbul, recently called Constianople. It was the capital of the Byzantine empire.

What did the ability of the Ottoman empire to expand its borders depend upon?

A strong military, strategic location, and control over trade routes. They also had effective governance.

Why did rulers sometimes kill many members of their families?

They had to maintain power against their rivals. They didn't want their families to have any more power than they did. They wanted to make them weaker.

What was the ruler of the Safavid empire called? What was the ruler of the Mughal Empire called?

Shah Abbas (Safavid) Babur (Muslim)

What was the golden age of Mughal culture best known for?

They had significant advancements in art, architecture, and literature. Also known for their cultural reforms.

What was the name of the elite soldiers that were kidnapped as Christian children and trained?

These were called Janssaries. They were trained to be completely loyal to their Ottoman Turk rulers.

When did the Ottoman empire begin to decline?

It began to decline in the late 17th century. It ended in 1922. It ended due to economic weakness, military defeat, and the sultans executing their sons/brothers.

What was the ruler of the Ottoman Empire called?

Sultan, greatest was Suleiman the Magnificent

How did Suleyman unite his empire?

Through stable government, granting freedom of worship.

Define cultual blending.

Different cultures interact and come into contact through migration, trade, conquest, etc. Results in new cultural forms.

What are some characteristics of Islam.

Qu'ran, important concepts: two main branches: Sunni and Shia (Don't get along), worship in mosques. 5 pillars: faith, prayer, alms, fasting, pilgrimage. Belief in Allah, Mahhamoud was a prophet.

Which Muslim Empire is associated with the rule of Akbar the Great, India, and the Taj Mahal?

The Mughal Empire.

Who formed the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires?

Ottoman: Osman I Safavid: Shah Ismail I Mughal: Babur

Name some characteristics of Akbar the Great.

Was the greatest of Mughal rulers. Greatest achievement was cultural blending and religious toleration. Created a fair and affordable tax system. Also a patronage of art and culture.

Name some ways the Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal Empires are similar.

They were all Islamic gunpowder empires, all had a strong centralized government, and all had cultural development.

Define Torah.

Important text of Judaism.

Who were the founders of Buddhism, Confucianism, and Christianity?

Buddhism: Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha)

Confucianism: Confucius

Christianity: Jesus of Nazareth.

Name the religion that had sacred writings called the Vedas and the Upanishads.

Hinduism

Which religion follows an Eightfold path and the Four Noble Truths?

Buddhism

Which religion is associated with the Five Pillars?

Islam

Which empire was responsible for building the Taj Mahal?

Mughal Empire

Define and describe Akbar the Great's Divine Faith.

He hoped that this would end conflicts between Muslims and Hindus.

It was an new religion that exemplified Akbar's tolerance.

It was an example of Syncretism because it blended ideas from Islam, Hinduism, Christianity, and Zorostrianism.

Which empire includes lands of the old Persian empire (Present day Iran), Shia Muslims, and architecture and Persian rugs (tapestries)?

Safavid Empire

Which empire includes modern day India and Pakistan, Muslim leaders that ruled over Hindus, and a dynasty started by Babur?

Mughal Empire

Who invaded and ruled China to form the Yuan and the Qing Dynasties?

Kulbai Khan or Ghengis Khan

Define feudalism.

loosely organized system of government in which local lords governed their own lands but owed military service and other support to a greater lord

Name some important traits of the Japanese Government.

Showguns and military dictators replaced the power of the emperor. Rigid social structure that defined relationships among different classes.

Describe some characteristics of feudal systems in medieval Europe and early Japan.

There are four main levels of each system.

The warriors of each system fought for the feudal lord. (Europe - knights Japan - samurai)

The warriors of each system were expected to follow a certain social code.

Both systems of feudalism were hereditary.

Name some problems that China faced during the Qing Dynasty.

1. Population pressure: led to intense competition for land and poverty grew.

2. Arrival of Europeans: arrived with superior military technology and demanded that China trade with them. eager to gain access to China.

When was Christianity first introduced?

mid 1st century CE

Describe the Japanese shoguns who tried to unify Japan.

Oda Nobunaga: conquered the Japanese capital of Kyoto. First to use guns effectively, eliminated Buddhist rivals that refused to accept rule by the emperor.

Toyotomi Hideyoshi: Was Oda's best general, was resourceful, used political alliances, adoption, and marriage to gain power over the daimyo.

Tokugawa Ieyasu: One of Toyotomi's daimyo allies, completed the unification of Japan

What were Japanese military generals who were appointed by the emperor and who controlled powerful armies called?

Shoguns

During Japanese feudalism, who were the samurai most loyal to?

Their daimyo

Who was the first shogun to begin to unify and restore order in Japan?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Tokugawa Ieyasu was upset by the success of Christian missionaries in Japan. Why?

The missionaries ignored Japanese cultural beliefs and laws.

Chinese emperors justify their place as rulers. How?

through the Mandate of Heaven.

What Japanese policy was established during the Tokogawa Shogunate?

They decided to exclude foreign merchants and missionaries.

Which empire developed block printing, gunpowder, vaccinations, and the compass?

Ancient China

What changed during Mughal rule changing a nonviolent group to a militant group?

Persecution of Sikhs, and the religious intolerance of Aurangzeb.

Which civilization was the first one to use an examination for people to work for the government?

The Han Dynasty

State the differences in 3 religions: Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism

Hinduism doesn't have a single founder like Christianity and Buddhism. Hinduism: Focuses of reincarnation and karma Christianity: Focuses on God and the Holy Trinity. Buddhism: works to achieve Nirvana and 4 Noble truths.

Name the 5 pillars of Islam

Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, Pilgrimage

Who was the founder of Christianity, Buddhism, and Islam?

Christianity: Jesus

Buddhism: Siddhartha Guatama

Islam: Prophet Muhammoud

Describe the idea of karma and reincarnation that the Hindu religion followed.

Reincarnation: believes that the soul goes through a cycle of birth, death and rebirth

Karma: Cause and effect