F) Acids, bases and salt preparations

are all nitrates soluble in water?

YES!

explain acids and bases in terms of proton transfer

An acid is a proton (H⁺) donor

A base is a proton (H⁺) acceptor

mnemonic to remember acid reactions

AAWS - alkali + acid —> water + salt

BAWS - base + acid —> water + salt

CAWS CoD - carbonate + acid —> water + salt + carbon dioxide

MASH - metal + acid —> salt + hydrogen

how does hydrochloric acid react with:

1. metals

2. bases

3. metal carbonates

… to form salts

1. forms a chloride salt and hydrogen gas (MASH)

2. A base is a substance that can neutralise an acid, forming a salt and water only. (BAWS)

3. forms water, salt and carbon dioxide - bubbling seen (CAWS CoD)

how does sulfuric acid react with:

1. metals

2. bases

3. metal carbonates

… to form salts

1. forms a sulfate salt and hydrogen gas (MASH)

2. forms a sulfate salt and water (BAWS)

3. CAWS CoD

   forms water, sulfate salt and carbon dioxide

   bubbling is observed (which is the carbon dioxide being produced)

   If the acid is in excess the carbonate will disappear.

how does nitric acid react with:

1. bases

2. metal carbonates

… to form salts

1. neutralisation - when an acid and a base react to form salt and water (BAWS)

2. forms water, salt and carbon dioxide - bubbling seen (CAWS CoD)