Biology Chapter 4 Part 1!

What is the Cell Theory?

Cells are the smallest living thing, all living things are composed of cells, and cells arise only on previously existing cells.

What is Cell Size?

Cells aren’t the same size but mainly small because large cells can’t function well.

What is the Plasma Membrane?

Semipermeable barrier that surrounds and protects the cell, regulating substances movement in and out of the cell.

What forms foundation of plasma membrane?

Lipids layers form it.

What are Phospholipids?

The fat molecules comprising the liquid layers containing a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails.

What are Transmembrane Proteins?

Proteins that form channels that span the membrane.

What are Prokaryotic Cells?

A cell that lacks a nucleus and internal membranes and plants contain this cell.

What are Eukaryotic Cells?

A cell that contains a nucleus, internal membranes, and living organisms has this cell type.

What is Flagellum?

A threadlike protein structure of protein fiber that extends from the cell surface for movement.

What is Pilus?

Short flagellar that attaches to substrates in exchanging genetic information between cells.

What is a Cell Wall?

Extra layer of protection that’s only in plant cells makes cell structure more rigid.

What is a Capsule?

Mucus that surrounds and protects the cell wall of plant cells.

What is the Nucleus?

The membrane compartment of DNA.

What is the Endomembrane System?

A lot of organelles working together.

What’s a Chloroplast?

Something plants only contain to do photosynthesis.

What the Central Vacuole?

Vacuoles that only found in plants that stores water.

What are Centrioles?

Organelles that are only found in animals.

What’s a nuclear envelope?

A double membrane that bounds the nuclear surface.

What is a Chromosome?

DNA of eukaryotes packaged into segments associated with protein.

What is a Chromatin?

The thread-like strands of chromosomes when the cells don’t divide.

What is Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Extensive system of internal membranes.

What is the Rough ER?

A portion of the ER that contains ribosomes that dedicated to protein synthesis.

What is the Smooth ER?

A portion of the ER that doesn’t contain ribosomes and manufactures carbohydrates and lipids.

What is the Golgi Bodies? (Post Office Cell!)

Flat stacks of membranes scattered throughout cytoplasm that collect, package, and distribute molecules manufactured in cells.

What is the Golgi Apparatus/Complex?

The Golgi bodies collectively as a unit.

What are Lysosomes?

Membrane bound structure that contain digestive enzymes to break down macromolecules and old cells.

What are Peroxisomes?

Spherical organelles that keep destructive chemical reactions from the reminder of the cell.

What is the Lipid Bilayer?

It forms the foundation of the plasma membrane and is composed of fat molecules phospholipids.