BIOL 2160 Exam 5 Crousillac

liver

A deficiency in cholesterol will have the largest effect on the activity of which organ?
-pancreas
-liver
-large intestine
-small intestine

class I MHC complex

A liver cell in your body that has become infected by a virus would present an antigen on its own:
-class I MHC complex
-class II MHC complex

fats

A person who has had their gallbladder removed must closely monitor their intake of what?
-fats
-carbohydrates
-proteins
-liver

histamine

Allergies are a result of excessive release of what?
-perforin
-helper T cells
-antigens
-histamine

an antigen

An epitope is part of:
-a phagocyte
-an antigen
-an antibody
-a receptor

cholesterol

Bile salts are made from:
-cholesterol
-carbohydrates
-proteins
-enzymes

true

T/F: Both B cells and T cells have receptors for antigens on their membranes

forms pores in cell membranes

Cytotoxic T cells release perforin, which does what?
-results in clonal selection of plasma cells
-stimulates other lymphocytes
-forms pores in cell membranes
-activates helper memory cells

4,000 mLs

During a record-setting performance at the bar, you manage to consume 1,000 mLs of alcohol. About how much water will you eliminate in your urine?

chymotrypsin

Eating a meal that is high in protein will result in increased release of which pancreatic enzyme?
-amylase
-pepsinogen
-none of these
-chymotrypsin
-lipase

damage to small intestine due to exposure to acidic chyme

Failure of the pancreas to secrete adequate levels of sodium bicarbonate might have which of the following consequences?
-damage to small intestine due to exposure to acidic chyme
-improper digestion of fats
-improper digestion of proteins
-inadequate release of bile from liver

both humoral and cell-mediated immunity

Helper T cells are involved in:
-both humoral and cell-mediated immunity
-neither
-cell-mediated immunity
-humoral immunity

by forming plasma cells and releasing antibodies

How do memory B cells help you avoid getting the same illness twice?
-by forming plasma cells and releasing antibodies
-by releasing interferon
-by producing more natural killer cells
-by producing more cytotoxic T cells

promote

If you were to measure the pH of chyme in the duodenum, and found it to be between 7-8, would this promote, or delay further emptying of gastric contents?

descending limb of loop of Henle

In which part of the nephron is Na+ not reabsorbed?
-ascending limb of loop of Henle
-descending limb of loop of Henle
-proximal tubule
-none of the above

histamine

Increased blood flow to the site of injury is a result of _________ being released by mast cells.
-cytokines
-platelets
-histamine
-interferon

large intestine

Increased vasopressin levels might be attributed to improper functioning of which digestive organ?
-large intestine
-pancreas
-stomach
-liver

Na+

Reabsorption of _______ in the proximal tubule is active.
-urea
-water
-all of these
-Na+

it is produced by the distal tubule

Select the incorrect statement about ADH.
-it is produced by the distal tubule
-it is also called vasopressin
-it is not secreted if the body consumes large amounts of water
-it stimulates reabsorption of water
-it is secreted if the body fluids become hypertonic

secretion

Some drugs are easily detected in the urine because of which process?
-filtration
-secretion
-concentration
-reabsorption

large intestine

The colon is part of which digestive organ?
-small intestine
-liver
-large intestine

basolateral membrane of tubular cells

The Na+-K+ ATPase transport system that plays a pivotal role in much of tubular reabsorption is located on the ______.
-podocytes
-basement membrane
-glomerular capillary membrane
-basolateral membrane of tubular cells
-luminal membrane of tubular cells

air from entering the esophagus during breathing

The pharyngoesophageal sphincter is normally closed to prevent what?
-food from entering the pharynx
-gastric contents from refluxing back into the esophagus
-vomiting
-esophageal secretions from leaking into the stomach
-air from entering the esophagus during breathing

water

The purpose of the loop of Henle is to establish a concentration gradient that will allow for the reabsorption of ________ in the distal tubule and collecting duct.
-urea
-glucose
-water
-Na+

only in the distal tubule and collecting duct

Water reabsorption is under the control of vasopressin __________.
-only in glomerulus
-only in proximal tubule
-only in the distal tubule and collecting duct
-along the entire length of the nephron
-only in the loop of Henle

attract more phagocytic cells

What is the purpose of cytokines in the inflammatory response?
-assist in blood clotting
-attract more phagocytic cells
-increase blood flow
-attract more mast cells

maintain a chemical gradient

What is the purpose of the loop of Henle?
-tubular secretion of toxins
-filtration
-maintain a chemical gradient
-reabsorption of urea

80%

What percentage of plasma entering the glomerulus is unfiltered and leaves through the efferent arteriole?
-20%
-8%
-25%
-80%
-67%

67%

What percentage of the total Na+ that gets reabsorbed takes place in the proximal tubule?
-80%
-67%
-8%
-25%

hydrogen ions increases

When the extracellular fluid becomes too acidic, the tubular secretion of _________.
-no ionic substance is affected
-sodium ions increases
-hydrogen ions increases
-hydrogen ions decreases
-sodium ions decreases

ascending limb of loop of Henle

Where does 25% of the total Na+ reabsorbed take place?
-collecting tubule
-ascending limb of loop of Henle
-descending limb of loop of Henle
-distal tubule
-proximal tubule

cytotoxic T cells

Which cell type in the adaptive immune system would be most helpful in destroying cancerous cells in your body?
-natural killer cells
-helper T cells
-plasma cells
-cytotoxic T cells

natural killer cells

Which cell type in the innate immune system would be most useful in battling cancerous cells?
-natural killer cells
-B cell lymphocytes
-T cell lymphocytes
-cytokines

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Which gastric hormone indirectly affects fat digestion?
-secretin
-pancreatic lipase
-Cholecystokinin (CCK)
-gastrin

aminopeptidase

Which is NOT a pancreatic hormone that is involved in protein digestion?
-carboxypeptidase
-aminopeptidase
-chymotrypsin
-trypsin

all of these

Which is reabsorbed at the proximal tubule?
-none of these
-all of these
-glucose
-amino acids
-urea

small intestine

Which is the primary absorptive organ of the digestive system?
-salivary glands
-oral cavity
-colon
-stomach
-small intestine

pepsin

Which of the following is NOT a component of saliva?
-lysozyme
-amylase
-pepsin
-mucus
-water

maintain appropriate CO2 levels in blood

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?
-maintain proper plasma volume
-regulation of the concentration of ECF ions
-none of these
-maintain water balance in the body
-maintain appropriate CO2 levels in blood

movement of the substance through tight junctions of tubular cells

Which of the following is NOT a step in transepithelial transport?
-movement of the substance through the cytosol of tubular cell
-movement of the substance across the glomerular capillary wall
-movement of the substance across the basolateral membrane of tubular cell
-movement of the substance across the luminal membrane of tubular cell
-movement of the substance through tight junctions of tubular cells

AIDS

Which of the following is NOT a type of autoimmune disease?
-all of these
-Type 1 diabetes
-AIDS
-Rheumatoid arthritis

activation of cytotoxic T cells

Which of the following is NOT part of the humoral immune response?
-activation of helper T cells
-production of memory B cells
-secretion of antibody molecules
-activation of cytotoxic T cells

T cell lymphocytes

Which of the following is NOT part of your innate immunity?
-lysozyme
-skin
-mucus
-T cell lymphocytes

Na+

Which of the following is not usually one of the substances that is secreted during tubular secretion?
-K+
-Na+
-organic ions
-H+

unbound antigen circulating in the blood

Which of the following will NOT be recognized by T cell lymphocytes?
-antigen presented by infected cell
-none of these
-antigen presented by an antigen-presenting cell
-unbound antigen circulating in the blood

variable region

Which part of an antibody physically makes contact with antigens?
-epitope region
-constant region
-variable region
-antigen region

fever

Which process is thought to control interferon release?
-phagocytosis
-blood clotting
-fever
-histamine release

serosa

Which tissue layer of the digestive tract helps prevent damage from friction due to digestive motility?
-muscularis externa
-submucosa
-serosa
-mucosa
-none of these

B cell

Which type of lymphocyte divides during the humoral immune response?
-B cell
-T cell

increased Na+ in filtrate would lead to increased secretion of water in distal tubule

Why would drinking sea water make you more dehydrated?
-the ascending limb of loop of Henle would become permeable to water
-all of these
-increased Na+ in filtrate would lead to increased secretion of water in distal tubule
-vasopressin would no longer be able to insert aquaporins in the distal tubule
-increased intake of Na+ would lead to increased tubular reabsorption of Na+