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Accommodation
Adaptation of the eye for near vision by increasing the curvature of the lens.
Anisocoria
Unequal pupil size.
Arcus senilis
Gray-white arc or circle around the limbus of the iris that is common with aging.
Astigmatism
Refractive error of vision due to differences in curvature in refracting surfaces of the eye (cornea and lens).
Blepharitis
An inflammation of the glands and eyelash follicles along the margin of the eyelids.
Cataract
Opacity of the lens of the eye that develops slowly with aging and gradually obstructs vision.
Conjunctivitis
Infection of the conjunctiva, commonly referred to as 'pink eye'.
Diplopia
Double vision.
Ectropion
Lower eyelid loose and rolling outward.
Entropion
Lower eyelid rolling inward.
Exophthalmos
Protruding eyeballs.
Glaucoma
A group of eye diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure.
Hordeolum
(Stye) Red, painful pustule that is a localized infection of the hair follicle at the eyelid margin.
Macula
Round darker area of the ocular fundus that mediates vision only from the central visual field.
Miosis
Constricted pupils.
Mydriasis
Dilated pupils.
Myopia
Nearsightedness; refractive error in which near vision is better than far vision.
Nystagmus
Involuntary, rapid, rhythmic movement of the eyeball.
Papilledema
Stasis of blood flow out of the ocular fundus; a sign of increased intracranial pressure.
Ptosis
Drooping of the upper eyelid over the iris and possibly covering the pupil.
Strabismus
(Squint, crossed eye) Disparity of the eye axes.
Annulus
Outer fibrous rim encircling the eardrum.
Cerumen
Yellow, waxy material that lubricates and protects the ear canal.
Cochlea
Inner ear structure containing the central hearing apparatus.
Eustachian tube
Connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx and allows the passage of air.
Helix
Superior posterior free rim of the pinna.
Inus
'Anvil'; middle of the 3 ossicles of the middle ear.
Malleus
'Hammer'; outmost of the 3 ossicles of the middle ear.
Mastoid
Bony prominence of the skull located just behind the ear.
Otalgia
Pain in the ear.
Otitis media
Inflammation of the middle ear and tympanic membrane.
Pinna
Auricle, or outer ear.
Pars tensa
Thick, taut, central-inferior section of the tympanic membrane.
Stapes
'Stirrup'; innermost of the 3 ossicles of the middle ear.
Tinnitus
Ringing in the ears.
Tympanic membrane
'Eardrum'; thin, translucent, oval membrane that separates the middle ear from the outer ear.
Vertigo
A spinning, twirling sensation.
Buccal
Pertaining to the cheek.
Candidiasis
(Moniliasis) White, cheese, curd-like patch on buccal mucosa due to superficial fungal infection.
Caries
Decay in the teeth.
Cheilitis
Red, scaling, shallow, painful fissures at corners of the mouth.
Epistaxis
Nosebleed, usually from anterior septum.
Epulis
Nontender, fibrous nodule of the gum.
Gingivitis
Red, swollen gum margins that bleed easily.
Herpes simplex
'Cold sores'; clear vesicles with red base that evolve into pustules, usually at lip-skin junction.
Leukoplakia
Chalky white, thick, raised patch on sides of tongue; precancerous.
Malocclusion
Upper or lower dental arches out of alignment.
Papillae
Rough, bumpy elevations on the dorsal surface of the tongue.
Parotid glands
A pair of salivary glands in the cheeks in front of the ears.
Pharyngitis
Inflammation of the throat.
Plaque
Soft, whitish debris on teeth.
Polyp
Smooth, pale gray nodules in the nasal cavity due to chronic allergic rhinitis.
Rhinitis
Red, swollen inflammation of nasal mucosa.
Thrush
Oral candidiasis in the newborn.
Turbinate
One of 3 bony projections in the nasal cavity.
Uvula
Free projection hanging down from the middle of the soft palate.
Areola
The darkened area surrounding the nipple.
Galactorrhea
Persistent white discharge of milk between nursing sessions or after weaning.
Gynecomastia
Excessive breast development in the male.
Mastalgia
Pain in the breast.
Mastitis
Inflammation of the breast.
Paget Disease
Intraductal carcinoma in the breast.
Retraction
Dimple or pucker on the skin.
Striae
Atrophic pink, purple, or white linear streaks on the breasts, associated with pregnancy, excessive weight gain, or rapid growth during adolescence.